冷戰(zhàn)與美國的外層空間政策（1945—1969）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-31 17:02
【摘要】：上個(gè)世紀(jì),人類歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程中最為重大的事件之一是蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星,從而使人類社會(huì)進(jìn)入了“太空時(shí)代”�！疤諘r(shí)代”的到來不僅深刻影響了各國人民的生產(chǎn)、生活與思想觀念,影響了民族國家政策的制定和國際關(guān)系的演變,更因其與上個(gè)世紀(jì)特殊的國際關(guān)系形態(tài) 冷戰(zhàn) 相結(jié)合,轉(zhuǎn)而對(duì)人類歷史的發(fā)展進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。作為外層空間強(qiáng)國之一的美國,其外空決策受冷戰(zhàn)國際環(huán)境的影響和制約最為深廣。冷戰(zhàn),從根本上改變了美國(還有蘇聯(lián)以及其它大國)外層空間政策發(fā)展的軌跡,反過來,“太空時(shí)代”的到來,空間大國外空政策的執(zhí)行,也在某種程度上影響了冷戰(zhàn)的深度和廣度,甚至促成了冷戰(zhàn)形態(tài)的質(zhì)變。 本文利用美國政府的大量原始解密檔案并借鑒相關(guān)的研究成果,試圖追溯從杜魯門政府到約翰遜政府時(shí)期美國外層空間政策發(fā)展演變的軌跡,從而揭示冷戰(zhàn)對(duì)美國外空決策的巨大影響,以及作為雙向互動(dòng)的結(jié)果,美國的外層空間決策又在何種程度上以何種方式影響了冷戰(zhàn)的進(jìn)程。由于外層空間在當(dāng)代政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事領(lǐng)域扮演著愈益重要的角色,更由于作為空間強(qiáng)國之一的美國至今仍保有冷戰(zhàn)思維,因而厘清美國政府外層空間政策的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),探究美國政府外空決策的本質(zhì)和動(dòng)機(jī),有助于包括中國在內(nèi)其它致力于外空發(fā)展的國家應(yīng)時(shí)而動(dòng),尋找本國外層空間發(fā)展的最好方式和策略。 本文在綜合運(yùn)用國際關(guān)系理論、國際政治理論和政治心理學(xué)等學(xué)說理論的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)來源廣泛的美國政府解密文件進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的梳理分析,最終試圖說明問題如下:(1)受冷戰(zhàn)國際關(guān)系的影響,美國的外層空間政策從一開始就成為東西方兩大集團(tuán)冷戰(zhàn)威信競爭、軍事實(shí)力競爭和政治利益競爭的產(chǎn)物,冷戰(zhàn)本身也因此發(fā)生了某種程度上的質(zhì)變;(2)美國決策者制定外層空間政策的心理動(dòng)因是根源于“過度威脅預(yù)期”和“記憶恐懼”的冷戰(zhàn)認(rèn)知,并最終導(dǎo)致冷戰(zhàn)中對(duì)潛在對(duì)手的“過度防御心理”;(3)在進(jìn)入“太空時(shí)代”甚至在此之前,美國政府已經(jīng)懷有為美國的“絕對(duì)安全”和“最大利益”而控制外層空間這一“最后的高邊疆”的戰(zhàn)略考慮,并且這一“高邊疆”戰(zhàn)略在后冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)代繼續(xù)得到加強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:In the last century, one of the most important events in the development of human history was the launch of an artificial earth satellite by the Soviet Union, which made the human society enter the "space age". The arrival of the "Space Age" not only profoundly affected the production, life and ideology of the people of all countries, but also affected the formulation of national policies and the evolution of international relations. Because of its combination with the special form of international relations in the last century, it has exerted a profound influence on the development of human history. As one of the great powers in outer space, the United States is most deeply influenced and restricted by the international environment of the Cold War. The Cold War fundamentally changed the trajectory of the development of the outer space policy of the United States (as well as the Soviet Union and other major powers). In turn, the arrival of the "space age" and the implementation of space foreign space policies, To some extent, it also affected the depth and breadth of the Cold War, and even contributed to the qualitative change of the Cold War form. Based on a large number of original declassified files of the United States Government and relevant research results, this paper attempts to trace the evolution of the United States outer space policy from the Truman Administration to the Johnson Administration. Thus, it reveals the great influence of the Cold War on American outer space decision-making and, as a result of two-way interaction, to what extent American outer space decision-making has influenced the process of the Cold War. Because outer space plays an increasingly important role in contemporary politics, economy, and military affairs, and because the United States, as one of the space powers, still retains the Cold War mentality, it clarifies the development of the US government's outer space policy. Exploring the nature and motivation of the U.S. government's outer space decision will help other countries, including China, to find the best way and strategy for the development of outer space. Based on the comprehensive application of the theories of international relations, international politics and political psychology, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the declassified documents of the US government from a wide range of sources. Finally trying to explain the following issues: (1) under the influence of the Cold War international relations, the United States outer space policy has been the product of the Cold War prestige competition, military power competition and political interest competition between the two major groups of the East and the West from the very beginning. As a result, the Cold War itself has undergone a certain degree of qualitative change; (II) the psychological drivers of the development of outer space policies by United States policy makers are cold war perceptions rooted in "excessive threat expectations" and "memory fears", and ultimately lead to "over-defensive psychology" against potential adversaries in the cold war; (3) before entering the "space age" or even before that, the United States Government had harboured the strategic consideration of controlling outer space, the "final high frontier", for the sake of the "absolute security" and "best interests" of the United States, And this "high frontier" strategy continues to be strengthened in the post-cold-war era.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5
本文編號(hào)：2396866
[Abstract]:In the last century, one of the most important events in the development of human history was the launch of an artificial earth satellite by the Soviet Union, which made the human society enter the "space age". The arrival of the "Space Age" not only profoundly affected the production, life and ideology of the people of all countries, but also affected the formulation of national policies and the evolution of international relations. Because of its combination with the special form of international relations in the last century, it has exerted a profound influence on the development of human history. As one of the great powers in outer space, the United States is most deeply influenced and restricted by the international environment of the Cold War. The Cold War fundamentally changed the trajectory of the development of the outer space policy of the United States (as well as the Soviet Union and other major powers). In turn, the arrival of the "space age" and the implementation of space foreign space policies, To some extent, it also affected the depth and breadth of the Cold War, and even contributed to the qualitative change of the Cold War form. Based on a large number of original declassified files of the United States Government and relevant research results, this paper attempts to trace the evolution of the United States outer space policy from the Truman Administration to the Johnson Administration. Thus, it reveals the great influence of the Cold War on American outer space decision-making and, as a result of two-way interaction, to what extent American outer space decision-making has influenced the process of the Cold War. Because outer space plays an increasingly important role in contemporary politics, economy, and military affairs, and because the United States, as one of the space powers, still retains the Cold War mentality, it clarifies the development of the US government's outer space policy. Exploring the nature and motivation of the U.S. government's outer space decision will help other countries, including China, to find the best way and strategy for the development of outer space. Based on the comprehensive application of the theories of international relations, international politics and political psychology, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the declassified documents of the US government from a wide range of sources. Finally trying to explain the following issues: (1) under the influence of the Cold War international relations, the United States outer space policy has been the product of the Cold War prestige competition, military power competition and political interest competition between the two major groups of the East and the West from the very beginning. As a result, the Cold War itself has undergone a certain degree of qualitative change; (II) the psychological drivers of the development of outer space policies by United States policy makers are cold war perceptions rooted in "excessive threat expectations" and "memory fears", and ultimately lead to "over-defensive psychology" against potential adversaries in the cold war; (3) before entering the "space age" or even before that, the United States Government had harboured the strategic consideration of controlling outer space, the "final high frontier", for the sake of the "absolute security" and "best interests" of the United States, And this "high frontier" strategy continues to be strengthened in the post-cold-war era.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 沈文杰;;歷史學(xué)全國優(yōu)秀博士學(xué)位論文產(chǎn)出分析[J];法制與經(jīng)濟(jì)(中旬刊);2010年11期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 沈鵬;二戰(zhàn)后國家主權(quán)管轄范圍外區(qū)域美國外交決策研究—資源與利益的視角[D];外交學(xué)院;2009年
2 國洪梅;美國對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的政策研究（1933-1941）[D];東北師范大學(xué);2009年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 張艷萍;艾森豪威爾政府軍備控制政策（1953-1956）[D];暨南大學(xué);2008年
，本文編號(hào)：2396866
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