【摘要】： 本文主要對1947-1957年蘇聯(lián)對以色列政策作一番探討。 蘇聯(lián)與英國在中東的爭奪由來已久，二戰(zhàn)前英國居于上風(fēng)，中東幾乎在英國的控制之下。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)改變了蘇聯(lián)和英國的實力，蘇聯(lián)上升為一流強國，而英國則下降為二流國家。蘇聯(lián)、英國實力的升降也改變了兩國在中東的爭奪態(tài)勢，排擠英國在中東的勢力并取而代之就成了蘇聯(lián)既定國策。然而，蘇聯(lián)在二戰(zhàn)中也遭受到重創(chuàng)，蘇聯(lián)主要利用戰(zhàn)后中東的民族獨立運動以達(dá)到趕走英國的目的。大多數(shù)阿拉伯國家的君主仍希望與英國合作，而猶太人為了實現(xiàn)其在巴勒斯坦建國的理想?yún)s走上了反抗英國殖民統(tǒng)治的道路。所以蘇聯(lián)在1947年4月英國把巴勒斯坦問題提交給聯(lián)合國到1949年8月以色列加入聯(lián)合國并與阿拉伯國家簽定了全面停火協(xié)議為止，蘇聯(lián)支持猶太人在巴勒斯坦建國，并全力維護以色列的安全。 從1949年8月到1953年3月斯大林逝世，盡管蘇聯(lián)和阿拉伯國家的共同利益增多，然而斯大林對阿拉伯國家的民族主義看法仍沒有太大的改變。盡管蘇聯(lián)確信猶太國家的生存必須依靠美國，但由于杜魯門政府在中東比較看重阿拉伯國家，美國拒絕與以色列在軍事上的任何合作，并拒絕保證以色列的安全。以色列不得不仍在兩極之間徘徊，在某些重大的國際問題上仍與蘇聯(lián)保持一致。所以蘇聯(lián)雖停止了對以色列的援助，，甚至做出了與以色列斷交的決定，但這一時期蘇聯(lián)也沒作出危害以色列國家安全之舉動，且一直堅持以色列存在的合法性。 斯大林逝世后，蘇聯(lián)雖然作出了恢復(fù)與以色列關(guān)系的決定，但其也加快了與阿拉伯國家聯(lián)系的步伐。赫魯曉夫上臺后，逐步加大對阿拉伯國家援助的力度，其中包括大量的先進武器，這些對以色列的安全造成了極大的威脅。以色列也開始向西方集團靠攏。蘇聯(lián)和以色列的利益發(fā)生了沖突，蘇聯(lián)對以色列的敵視政策終于形成。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the Soviet Union's policy towards Israel from 1947 to 1957. The Soviet Union and Britain fought for a long time in the Middle East, where Britain prevailed before World War II, and the Middle East was almost under British control. World War II changed the strength of the Soviet Union and Britain, which rose to first-class power while Britain fell to second-rate power. The rise and fall of the Soviet Union and the British power also changed the competition between the two countries in the Middle East, crowding out the British power in the Middle East and replacing it with the Soviet Union's established national policy. However, the Soviet Union also suffered a heavy blow in World War II, mainly using the postwar Middle East National Independence Movement to drive away Britain. Most Arab monarchs still want to work with Britain, and Jews are on the path of resistance to British colonial rule in order to achieve their vision of a Palestinian state. So the Soviet Union referred the question of Palestine to the United Nations in April 1947 until Israel joined the United Nations in August 1949 and signed a comprehensive ceasefire agreement with the Arab countries. The Soviet Union supported the Jewish state in Palestine. And to maintain Israel's security. Stalin died from August 1949 to March 1953, but despite the growing common interests of the Soviet Union and the Arab countries, Stalin's views on Arab nationalism have not changed much. Although the Soviet Union was convinced that the survival of the Jewish state depended on the United States, the United States refused to cooperate militarily with Israel and to guarantee Israel's security because the Truman administration valued the Arab States more in the Middle East. Israel had to remain between the two poles and remain in line with the Soviet Union on some major international issues. So although the Soviet Union stopped its aid to Israel and even made the decision to break relations with Israel, the Soviet Union did not do anything to endanger Israel's national security during this period, and it always insisted on the legitimacy of Israel's existence. After Stalin's death, the Soviet Union made the decision to restore relations with Israel, but it also accelerated its ties with Arab countries. After Khrushchev came to power, he gradually increased his aid to Arab countries, including a large number of advanced weapons, which posed a great threat to Israel's security. Israel, too, is moving closer to the Western bloc. There was a conflict of interest between the Soviet Union and Israel, and the Soviet hostile policy towards Israel finally came into being.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D851.2;K512.5

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 張雪;蘇聯(lián)中東政策的調(diào)整及實踐（1954-1956）[D];首都師范大學(xué);2011年

2 周敏;以色列聯(lián)盟戰(zhàn)略研究[D];上海外國語大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：2388550