【摘要】： 加拿大是世界上認(rèn)同危機(jī)最大的國(guó)家,這是因?yàn)?加拿大不存在像其他民族國(guó)家從王權(quán)的前現(xiàn)代國(guó)家發(fā)展到現(xiàn)代民族國(guó)家的歷史,因此,也沒(méi)有那種從王權(quán)的忠誠(chéng)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)代民族認(rèn)同的深刻根源。在加拿大的歷史記憶中,有的只是對(duì)大西洋彼岸法國(guó)王室和英國(guó)王室的忠誠(chéng);而加拿大英、法兩個(gè)族裔的矛盾沖突以及美國(guó)的巨大影響更是加深了這種危機(jī)。即便如此,加拿大一直沒(méi)有放棄尋找自己的民族特性,塑造統(tǒng)一的民族認(rèn)同。加拿大的民族認(rèn)同正是在抗擊美國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張和經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化侵蝕的過(guò)程中以及對(duì)民族政策不斷整合的過(guò)程中逐漸形成的。本文試圖從影響加拿大民族認(rèn)同的兩個(gè)主要方面一美國(guó)的影響和英法裔的矛盾沖突作為切入點(diǎn),著重研究加拿大民族認(rèn)同形成的三個(gè)主要階段:民族主義萌芽階段,民族認(rèn)同的發(fā)展階段和形成階段。本文共有五個(gè)部分。 第一部分:加拿大立國(guó)民族概況。著重介紹加拿大兩個(gè)立國(guó)民族英裔和法裔早期的發(fā)展概況。通過(guò)研究英、法裔在發(fā)展過(guò)程中所形成的不同的民族特性來(lái)揭示英、法裔的矛盾和沖突的深刻根源。 第二部分:兩次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng):民族主義的萌芽。美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和1812年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是影響加拿大歷史發(fā)展的兩次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。在這兩次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中,美國(guó)都曾武力入侵加拿大,激起了加拿大同仇敵愾的民族情緒。加拿大在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中所形成的民族主義情緒使它進(jìn)一步遠(yuǎn)離美國(guó),走上一條獨(dú)特的發(fā)展道路。 第三部分:聯(lián)邦:培育民族認(rèn)同的搖籃。聯(lián)邦的形成既是殖民地發(fā)展的結(jié)果,更是抵御美國(guó)擴(kuò)張的需要。統(tǒng)一的民族國(guó)家的建立無(wú)疑有助于民族意識(shí)的發(fā)展,增強(qiáng)加拿大人對(duì)互相認(rèn)同的需求,“加拿大第一”運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起就是一個(gè)重要表現(xiàn)。 第四部分:多元文化主義:統(tǒng)一的民族認(rèn)同。加拿大的民族政策經(jīng)歷了從民族同化到二元文化再到多元文化政策的演變,多元文化政策不僅緩和了國(guó)內(nèi)的民族矛盾,更有利于抵御美國(guó)文化的滲透,它所體現(xiàn)的包容性成為加拿大民族認(rèn)同的實(shí)質(zhì)。 第五部分:總結(jié)與思考。對(duì)前文的論述加以總結(jié),希望通過(guò)對(duì)加拿大民族認(rèn)同的整合給予有相似經(jīng)歷的民族國(guó)家以啟示。
[Abstract]:Canada is the country with the greatest crisis in the world, because Canada does not have a history of developing from the pre-modern state of Wang Quan to the modern nation-state like other nation-states. Nor is there a profound root from Wang Quan's loyalty to modern national identity. In Canada's historical memory, there is only loyalty to the French royal family and the British royal family across the Atlantic Ocean, and the conflict between the two ethnic groups in Canada and France, as well as the enormous influence of the United States, have deepened the crisis. Even so, Canada has never given up looking for its own national identity and shaping a unified national identity. Canada's national identity is gradually formed in the process of resisting the territorial expansion and economic and cultural erosion of the United States as well as the continuous integration of national policies. This paper attempts to focus on the three main stages of the formation of Canadian national identity, namely, the budding stage of nationalism, from the two main aspects affecting Canadian national identity, namely, the influence of the United States and the conflict between the British and the French. The stage of development and formation of national identity. There are five parts in this paper. Part one: general situation of Canadian nation. Emphasis is placed on the early development of the two Canadian nations, British and French. By studying the different national characteristics of the British and French in the process of development, this paper reveals the deep root of the contradiction and conflict between the English and the French. The second part: two wars: the germination of nationalism. The American War of Independence and the War of 1812 were two wars that affected the history of Canada. In both wars, the United States invaded Canada by force, arousing the national sentiment of Canada. Canada's nationalist sentiments during the war took it further away from the United States and embarked on a unique path of development. The third part: the Federation: the cradle of cultivating national identity. The formation of the Commonwealth was not only the result of colonial development, but also the need to resist the expansion of the United States. The establishment of a unified nation-state is undoubtedly conducive to the development of national consciousness and the need for Canadians to identify with each other. The emergence of the "Canada first" Movement is an important manifestation. Part four: multiculturalism: unified national identity. Canada's national policy has undergone an evolution from national assimilation to dualistic culture to multicultural policy. The multicultural policy not only alleviates national contradictions in the country, but also helps to resist the infiltration of American culture. Its inclusiveness has become the essence of Canadian national identity. Part V: summary and reflection. This paper summarizes the previous discussion and hopes to enlighten the nation states with similar experiences through the integration of Canadian national identity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K711

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本文編號(hào)：2388232