【摘要】： 英國的谷物法是在谷物(主要包括小麥、大麥、黑麥和燕麥)充足和低價(jià)時(shí)期,為了生產(chǎn)者的利益,而企圖控制谷物貿(mào)易的議會(huì)法規(guī)。拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,貴族和大土地所有者面臨利益受損的窘境,利用谷物法來控制糧食進(jìn)口,保證國內(nèi)糧食價(jià)格運(yùn)行在高位。這種做法在過程和影響上都與中等階層的思想格格不入,并且給中等階層帶來利益的損失、政治的壓制,遭到中等階層的反對(duì)。而以農(nóng)業(yè)工人和工業(yè)工人為主的工人階層也在谷物法維持的高物價(jià)下生活困苦,工人階層也是強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)谷物法。中等階層和工人階層開始為利益抗?fàn)�。議會(huì)改革后,雖然部分中等階層雖然進(jìn)入統(tǒng)治階層,但是自由貿(mào)易的實(shí)現(xiàn)依然受到谷物法的束縛,反谷物法同盟成立以及各種活動(dòng),成了中等階層繼續(xù)要求改革社會(huì)運(yùn)行方式的先鋒。工人階層在誕生之初由于尚未成熟,反谷物法活動(dòng)也是追隨中等階層,往往被中等階層利用。但是工人階層在實(shí)踐中迅速成長,各種工會(huì)組織的出現(xiàn)以及憲章運(yùn)動(dòng)的開展,有力的表達(dá)了工人階層反谷物法的決心。在中等階層和工人階層的共同努力下,貴族和大土地所有者不得不妥協(xié),谷物法最終廢除,英國開始了自由貿(mào)易的新時(shí)代。本文試圖從社會(huì)各階層間的利益矛盾入手,了解中等階層和工人階層的各項(xiàng)反谷物法行動(dòng),以及自由貿(mào)易思想作為精神動(dòng)力對(duì)中等階層的重要意義,從而在社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化和意識(shí)形態(tài)的推廣等因素中發(fā)現(xiàn)英國谷物法廢除的社會(huì)根源。
[Abstract]:The British grain law was a parliamentary regulation that attempted to control the grain trade for the benefit of producers at a time when grains (mainly wheat, barley, rye, and oats) were plentiful and cheap. After the end of Napoleon War, aristocrats and landowners were faced with the dilemma of losing their interests. Grain laws were used to control grain imports to ensure that domestic grain prices were running at high levels. The process and influence of this practice are incompatible with the ideology of the middle class, and bring profit loss to the middle class, and political repression is opposed by the middle class. The working class, which is dominated by agricultural and industrial workers, also suffers from the high prices maintained by the grain law, and the working class is strongly opposed to the grain law. The middle class and the working class began to fight for the good. After the parliamentary reform, although some of the middle class entered the ruling class, the realization of free trade was still constrained by the grain law, the establishment of the anti-grain law alliance and various activities. Has become the middle class to continue to demand the reform of the social operation of the vanguard. Since the working class was not mature at the beginning of its birth, the anti-grain law also followed the middle class and was often used by the middle class. However, the rapid growth of the working-class in practice, the emergence of various trade unions and the development of the Charter Movement have expressed the determination of the working-class anti-grain law. With the joint efforts of the middle class and the working class, the aristocracy and the landowners had to compromise, the grain law was finally abolished, and Britain began a new era of free trade. This article attempts to start with the conflicts of interests among the various social strata, to understand the actions of the middle class and the working class against grain laws, and the significance of the free trade thought to the middle class as a spiritual motive force. Therefore, the social root of the abolition of English grain law was found in the factors of social structure change and ideology popularization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K561

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本文編號(hào)：2388211