【摘要】： 殖民統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,英國(guó)視埃及為重要的組成部分,對(duì)埃及實(shí)施強(qiáng)硬的殖民主義政策。二戰(zhàn)后,隨著國(guó)力日漸衰落,以及埃及人民反對(duì)英國(guó)統(tǒng)治的斗爭(zhēng)日趨激烈,英國(guó)不斷尋求調(diào)整埃及政策,以適應(yīng)形勢(shì)。特別是在1952年埃及發(fā)生“七?二三”革命之后,直到1956年10月蘇伊士戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前,短短4年多的時(shí)間里,英國(guó)的埃及政策發(fā)生了幾次重大的調(diào)整。本文便以這幾次重大調(diào)整為主線,通過對(duì)英國(guó)埃及政策的研究,解讀推動(dòng)英國(guó)外交活動(dòng)的背后動(dòng)因。本文分為四部分: 第一部分追述了英國(guó)的埃及政策。筆者簡(jiǎn)述了從二戰(zhàn)到埃及“七?二三”革命前這段時(shí)期內(nèi),英國(guó)歷屆政府對(duì)埃政策的演變,及影響兩國(guó)關(guān)系重大事件。 第二部分論述了1952年埃及“七?二三”革命后,英國(guó)對(duì)埃及采取曖昧政策的原因和過程。1954年英埃運(yùn)河協(xié)定的簽署,是戰(zhàn)后英埃兩國(guó)關(guān)系的一個(gè)分水嶺,也是英國(guó)對(duì)埃政策的分水嶺之一。該部分詳細(xì)論述了英國(guó)埃及政策的調(diào)整原因,分析了英國(guó)新政策的出臺(tái)過程及影響。 第三部分是本文的重點(diǎn),筆者對(duì)英國(guó)對(duì)埃及的新政策——“軟控制”政策進(jìn)行了詳盡的分析,總結(jié)了英國(guó)“軟控制”失敗的原因。英國(guó)的“軟控制”政策,在實(shí)際操作中屢遭尷尬,最后以失敗告終,這直接導(dǎo)致了蘇伊士危機(jī)的爆發(fā)。 第四部分論述了蘇伊士危機(jī)時(shí),英國(guó)根據(jù)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)采取的雙軌政策。通過對(duì)英國(guó)雙軌政策的分析,揭示了英國(guó)在中東地區(qū)的核心利益。 綜上我們不難看出,在冷戰(zhàn)初期英國(guó)對(duì)外政策的動(dòng)力包括兩點(diǎn):一是維護(hù)其傳統(tǒng)利益,二是維護(hù)其冷戰(zhàn)利益。以上兩種利益的的交織在一起,是決定英國(guó)政策走向的主要因素。
[Abstract]:During the colonial period, Britain regarded Egypt as an important component and implemented a strong colonial policy against Egypt. After World War II, with the decline of national strength and the increasingly fierce struggle of the Egyptian people against British rule, Britain constantly sought to adjust its Egyptian policy to the situation. Especially in 1952 in Egypt, "Seven?" After the revolution, until October 1956, before the Suez War, in a short period of more than four years, Britain's Egyptian policy had undergone several major adjustments. In this paper, the main line of these major adjustments, through the study of British Egyptian policy, to understand the driving force behind the British diplomatic activities. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part describes the British Egyptian policy. From World War II to Egypt, the author briefly described the "Seven"? During the period before the revolution, the evolution of the British government's policy towards Egypt and the important events affecting the relations between the two countries. The second part discusses Egypt's "Seven" in 1952? After the "23" Revolution, the cause and process of Britain's ambiguous policy towards Egypt. The signing of the 1954 Anglo-Egyptian Canal Agreement was a watershed in the relations between Britain and Egypt after the war, and it was also one of the watersheds of Britain's policy towards Egypt. This part discusses in detail the reasons for the adjustment of the British Egyptian policy, and analyzes the process and influence of the new British policy. The third part is the focus of this paper. The author makes a detailed analysis of the new policy of "soft control" of Britain to Egypt, and sums up the reasons for the failure of "soft control" in Britain. The "soft control" policy of Britain was repeatedly embarrassed in practice and ended in failure, which directly led to the outbreak of the Suez crisis. The fourth part discusses the two-track policies adopted by Britain according to the internal and external situation during the Suez crisis. Through the analysis of British dual-track policy, it reveals the core interests of Britain in the Middle East. It is not difficult to see that the motive force of British foreign policy at the beginning of the Cold War included two aspects: one was to safeguard its traditional interests and the other was to safeguard its Cold War interests. The combination of these two interests is the main factor determining the direction of British policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K411;K561.5

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