【摘要】： 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，盟國(guó)對(duì)德國(guó)實(shí)行了分區(qū)占領(lǐng)和軍事管制，并且采取了涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、思想和社會(huì)習(xí)俗方面的一系列的民主化改造，試圖從根本上消滅納粹主義產(chǎn)生的根源，使德國(guó)不再成為對(duì)世界和平的威脅。在思想教育方面盟國(guó)采取了“再教育”的種種舉措，取得了一定的成果，為德國(guó)的民主化改造準(zhǔn)備了思想上的基礎(chǔ)，使民主觀念開(kāi)始深入人心。 “再教育”的實(shí)施是與盟國(guó)其他各項(xiàng)政策密切配合下開(kāi)展起來(lái)的，盟國(guó)在此期間把大量的觀念和制度推行到了德國(guó)，一方面重建了德國(guó)與西方各國(guó)之間的文化聯(lián)系，在民主的基礎(chǔ)上復(fù)興德國(guó)，另外一方面，由于過(guò)于理想化，沒(méi)有考慮實(shí)際情況的做法，對(duì)德國(guó)也產(chǎn)生了一些負(fù)面的影響。 從總體上來(lái)看，“再教育”是針對(duì)整個(gè)文教系統(tǒng)的一場(chǎng)全面的改造，，不單是機(jī)構(gòu)同時(shí)也是內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)變，利用各種渠道對(duì)西占區(qū)人民進(jìn)行民主思想的教育，效果是極為明顯的。本文共分為三個(gè)部分： 第一部分是引言：主要介紹了近來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)西占區(qū)“再教育”的研究概況和本文的研究目的。 第二部分是正文。共分為三個(gè)方面：一為“再教育”政策提出的背景和過(guò)程。二為“再教育”政策的實(shí)施，該部分由四個(gè)小部分組成，分別從宣傳機(jī)構(gòu)，教育領(lǐng)域，行政領(lǐng)域的思想再教育以及對(duì)外交流幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了研究和分析。三為德國(guó)團(tuán)體和民眾對(duì)“再教育”政策的反響及對(duì)自身的反思，該部分由三個(gè)小部分組成，分別從教會(huì)、德國(guó)的精英階層、普通德國(guó)民眾的角度進(jìn)行了闡述。 第三部分是結(jié)語(yǔ)。簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)了盟國(guó)在實(shí)施“再教育”過(guò)程中的得失，以及“再教育”政策對(duì)德國(guó)的影響。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, the allies imposed partition occupation and military control on Germany and adopted a series of democratic reforms involving political, economic, cultural, ideological and social customs. Trying to eliminate the root causes of Nazism so that Germany is no longer a threat to world peace. In the field of ideological education, the allies have taken various measures of "re-education" and achieved certain results, which have prepared the ideological basis for the democratic transformation in Germany, and made the democratic concept begin to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The implementation of "re-education" was carried out in close cooperation with other policies of the allies. During this period, the allies carried out a large number of ideas and systems to Germany. On the one hand, they rebuilt the cultural ties between Germany and the western countries. The revival of Germany on the basis of democracy, on the other hand, had some negative effects on Germany because it was too idealistic and did not take into account the actual situation. On the whole, "re-education" is a comprehensive reform aimed at the whole cultural and educational system, not only the organization but also the content. Using various channels to educate the people in the western occupation area of democratic thought, the effect is very obvious. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction: mainly introduces the recent domestic and foreign research on "re-education" and the purpose of this paper. The second part is the text. It is divided into three aspects: first, the background and process of re-education policy. The second is the implementation of the policy of "re-education", which is composed of four small parts, which are studied and analyzed from the aspects of propaganda organization, education field, ideological re-education in administrative field and foreign exchange. The third is the response of German groups and people to the policy of "re-education" and their reflection on themselves. This part is composed of three small parts, which are elaborated from the perspective of the church, the German elite and the ordinary German people. The third part is the conclusion. This paper briefly summarizes the gains and losses of the allies in the process of implementing "re-education" and the influence of the "re-education" policy on Germany.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K153

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