非傳統(tǒng)外交視閾下的基辛格對華活動研究（1979-1992）
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-14 12:22
【摘要】：基辛格(1923-)是美國著名的外交家、國際問題專家,其在任期間,一直致力于中美建交,未能達成。1979年中美建交,兩國關(guān)系在摸索中繼續(xù)前行。1990年鄧小平退居二線,鄧小平是與基辛格交往最為密切的中國領導人。1992年克林頓選連任美國總統(tǒng)。這段期間內(nèi)基辛格的對華非傳統(tǒng)外交活動最為典型,在中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要作用。在進入政府之前,基辛格在哈佛大學求學并留任做教授,對國際關(guān)系以及中美關(guān)系進行深入的分析,形成其獨特的政治思想與外交理論,為其從事非傳統(tǒng)外交提供理論條件。在尼克松和福特政府時期,基辛格主導并推動了一系列對華友好活動,為其進行非傳統(tǒng)外交提供實踐經(jīng)驗。中美建交后十年間基辛格為中美關(guān)系做的貢獻有很多,包括著書立說探討中美關(guān)系、設立咨詢公司與中國進行貿(mào)易往來、進入智庫影響美國外交決策、多次訪華與中國領導人接觸等�；粮裢诵莺笞鳛閷W者,被中國人親切地稱為“基辛格博士”,歷次來中國訪問,并與中國領導人見面探討中美關(guān)系發(fā)展的路徑,從這些方面可以看出基辛格已成為中美關(guān)系和諧發(fā)展的符號,并在中美交流中起著聯(lián)絡員的作用。本文以1979年—1992年期間基辛格為中美關(guān)系發(fā)展而作的努力為主要研究對象,從非傳統(tǒng)外交的視角對基辛格退任之后的對華活動進行全面的分析,進而對非傳統(tǒng)外交的影響與局限進行總結(jié),并客觀的評價基辛格退任后在中美關(guān)系史上起到的作用。即便退任多年,基辛格在中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展中仍扮演著重要的角色。他從政期間的對華活動是代表美國政府,屬于傳統(tǒng)的官方外交,而退任后的對華活動是代表非政府組織和個人,起到的是非傳統(tǒng)外交的作用。對于官方外交來說,這些非傳統(tǒng)外交活動,雖不是外交的主流,但也為確實為中美關(guān)系做出重大貢獻,尤其是當中美關(guān)系緊張時,基辛格擔當著斡旋者的角色,在中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展中起著重要作用�；粮竦姆莻鹘y(tǒng)外交活動彌補了傳統(tǒng)外交的不足,為中美之間的交流提供更加便利的渠道。
[Abstract]:Kissinger (1923-) is a famous American diplomat and expert on international issues. During his tenure, he has been devoted to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, which failed to be achieved. In 1979, the two countries established diplomatic relations, and relations between the two countries continued to move forward. In 1990, Deng Xiaoping retreated to the second line. Deng Xiaoping is the closest Chinese leader to Kissinger. Clinton was re-elected president of the United States in 1992. During this period, Kissinger's non-traditional diplomatic activities to China were the most typical, and played an important role in the development of Sino-US relations. Before entering the government, Kissinger studied at Harvard University and remained as a professor. He deeply analyzed international relations and Sino-US relations, formed his unique political thought and diplomatic theory, and provided theoretical conditions for him to engage in non-traditional diplomacy. During the Nixon and Ford administrations, Kissinger led and promoted a series of friendly activities towards China, providing practical experience for his non-traditional diplomacy. In the ten years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, Kissinger has made many contributions to Sino-US relations, including writing books on Sino-US relations, setting up consulting firms to conduct trade contacts with China, and entering think tanks to influence US diplomatic decisions. I have visited China many times to contact with Chinese leaders. After his retirement as a scholar, Kissinger was affectionately called "Dr. Kissinger" by the Chinese. He visited China on previous occasions and met with Chinese leaders to discuss the path to the development of Sino-US relations. It can be seen from these aspects that Kissinger has become a symbol of the harmonious development of Sino-US relations and acts as a liaison between China and the United States. Taking Kissinger's efforts for the development of Sino-US relations from 1979 to 1992 as the main research object, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of Kissinger's activities towards China after his resignation from the perspective of non-traditional diplomacy. Then the influence and limitation of non-traditional diplomacy are summarized, and the effect of Kissinger's resignation on the history of Sino-American relations is evaluated objectively. Kissinger played an important role in the development of Sino-American relations even after his retirement for many years. His activities in China during his political career represented the United States government and belonged to the traditional official diplomacy, while the activities to China after his retirement represented non-governmental organizations and individuals and played a role in non-traditional diplomacy. As far as official diplomacy is concerned, these non-traditional diplomatic activities are not the mainstream of diplomacy, but they also contribute significantly to Sino-US relations, especially when Sino-US relations are tense, and Kissinger plays the role of mediator. It plays an important role in the development of Sino-US relations. Kissinger's non-traditional diplomatic activities make up for the shortcomings of traditional diplomacy and provide a more convenient channel for the exchanges between China and the United States.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K712.54
本文編號：2331145
[Abstract]:Kissinger (1923-) is a famous American diplomat and expert on international issues. During his tenure, he has been devoted to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, which failed to be achieved. In 1979, the two countries established diplomatic relations, and relations between the two countries continued to move forward. In 1990, Deng Xiaoping retreated to the second line. Deng Xiaoping is the closest Chinese leader to Kissinger. Clinton was re-elected president of the United States in 1992. During this period, Kissinger's non-traditional diplomatic activities to China were the most typical, and played an important role in the development of Sino-US relations. Before entering the government, Kissinger studied at Harvard University and remained as a professor. He deeply analyzed international relations and Sino-US relations, formed his unique political thought and diplomatic theory, and provided theoretical conditions for him to engage in non-traditional diplomacy. During the Nixon and Ford administrations, Kissinger led and promoted a series of friendly activities towards China, providing practical experience for his non-traditional diplomacy. In the ten years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, Kissinger has made many contributions to Sino-US relations, including writing books on Sino-US relations, setting up consulting firms to conduct trade contacts with China, and entering think tanks to influence US diplomatic decisions. I have visited China many times to contact with Chinese leaders. After his retirement as a scholar, Kissinger was affectionately called "Dr. Kissinger" by the Chinese. He visited China on previous occasions and met with Chinese leaders to discuss the path to the development of Sino-US relations. It can be seen from these aspects that Kissinger has become a symbol of the harmonious development of Sino-US relations and acts as a liaison between China and the United States. Taking Kissinger's efforts for the development of Sino-US relations from 1979 to 1992 as the main research object, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of Kissinger's activities towards China after his resignation from the perspective of non-traditional diplomacy. Then the influence and limitation of non-traditional diplomacy are summarized, and the effect of Kissinger's resignation on the history of Sino-American relations is evaluated objectively. Kissinger played an important role in the development of Sino-American relations even after his retirement for many years. His activities in China during his political career represented the United States government and belonged to the traditional official diplomacy, while the activities to China after his retirement represented non-governmental organizations and individuals and played a role in non-traditional diplomacy. As far as official diplomacy is concerned, these non-traditional diplomatic activities are not the mainstream of diplomacy, but they also contribute significantly to Sino-US relations, especially when Sino-US relations are tense, and Kissinger plays the role of mediator. It plays an important role in the development of Sino-US relations. Kissinger's non-traditional diplomatic activities make up for the shortcomings of traditional diplomacy and provide a more convenient channel for the exchanges between China and the United States.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K712.54
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，本文編號：2331145
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