16世紀奧斯曼帝國北非海盜政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-12 21:08
【摘要】：16世紀,地中海地區(qū)風云變幻,奧斯曼帝國與西班牙帝國成為地中海角逐場的主要國家。奧斯曼帝國戰(zhàn)勝威尼斯成為東地中海的霸權并將勢力范圍向西地中海推進,由于海軍實力的有限不得不在北非尋求合作者,馬格里布海盜成為帝國的不二選擇。西班牙經(jīng)歷新航路開辟后,實力大增,將西地中海納入自身統(tǒng)治圈。奧斯曼帝國與西班牙帝國在地中海形成分庭抗爭之勢,北非海盜在奧斯曼爭霸進程中扮演重要角色。北非海盜歷史悠久,16世紀,紅胡子家族的崛起與奧斯曼帝國的擴張政策相互借重。奧斯曼帝國實施的海盜政策大致起始于1481年穆罕默德二世意圖利用北非海盜驅(qū)趕羅德島圣約翰騎士團,止于1740年奧斯曼帝國簽訂海盜禁令。1518年以前,奧斯曼帝國的海盜政策處于準備階段;1518-1587年,貝勒貝伊時期是馬格里布地區(qū)處于奧斯曼帝國統(tǒng)治的最有效時期,該階段貝勒貝伊既是海盜集團領袖又是奧斯曼海軍總司令,帝國對北非的統(tǒng)治以及與西班牙就地中海事務的爭奪均基于海盜政策的實施;1587年至16世紀末,總督制時代奧斯曼帝國的海盜政策逐漸走上下坡路。奧斯曼帝國海盜政策是帝國維護東地中海勢力、制約西班牙向北非擴展的主要手段。奧斯曼帝國實施海盜政策主要基于內(nèi)外兩方面因素:內(nèi)因是擴張與防御的雙向需求,財政不濟及海事傳統(tǒng)衰弱亟需擅長海戰(zhàn)的軍隊補充;外因則為西奧地區(qū)實力相當北非海盜成為制勝關鍵,奧法同盟緩解海盜軍團的壓力及北非海盜實力過硬成為奧斯曼帝國的最優(yōu)選擇。奧斯曼帝國的西向擴張野心是其海盜政策實施的根本動因。海盜政策的實施伴隨著奧斯曼與西班牙的地中海角逐。16世紀,無論是奧斯曼還是西班牙核心利益區(qū)均不是地中海。盡管如此,地中海仍是兩國擴張范圍的重要節(jié)點。奧斯曼帝國的海盜政策基本完成了預定目標,成功抵制西班牙的北非擴張,在此基礎上給基督教國家以沉重打擊,進而引起基督教國家的反擊。16世紀,在地中海地區(qū),奧斯曼帝國支持北非海盜打擊西班牙在地中海的勢力,西班牙資助騎士團抗擊穆斯林國家的侵擾。奧斯曼帝國與西班牙帝國在地中海展開的爭霸活動,主要是圍繞著代理人戰(zhàn)爭進行的。代理人戰(zhàn)爭是兩大帝國在實力相當?shù)那闆r下,采取的最優(yōu)選擇。在地中海的爭斗過程中,所有的參與者都將自利原則奉為唯一準則,宗教與文化等因素完全屈從于自利原則。16世紀,地中海的代理人戰(zhàn)爭既是奧斯曼與西班牙斗爭的表現(xiàn)形式,又是近代大國地區(qū)爭霸縮影的一瞥。
[Abstract]:In the 16 th century, the Mediterranean changed, and the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Empire became the main players in the Mediterranean. The Ottoman Empire defeated Venice to become the hegemony of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and pushed its sphere of influence to the western Mediterranean Sea. Due to the limited naval power it had to seek collaborators in North Africa and the Maghreb pirates became the imperial choice. Spain experienced the opening of a new route, the strength of the West Mediterranean into its own ruling circle. The Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Empire fought in the Mediterranean Sea, and the North African pirates played an important role in the Ottoman struggle for hegemony. North African pirates have a long history, the 16 th century, the rise of the Red Beard family and the Ottoman Empire's expansion policy. The policy of piracy in the Ottoman Empire began largely in 1481, when Mohamed II intended to use North African pirates to drive out the order of St. John, Rhode Island, until the Ottoman Empire signed a ban on piracy in 1740. 1518 years ago, The piracy policy of the Ottoman Empire is in the preparatory stage; From 1518-1587, the period of Baylor Bei was the most effective period in which the Maghreb region was under Ottoman rule, which was both the leader of the pirate syndicate and the commander in chief of the Ottoman Navy. The imperial rule over North Africa and the rivalry with Spain over Mediterranean affairs were based on the implementation of the piracy policy; From 1587 to the end of the 16 th century, the Ottoman Empire's piracy policy gradually declined. Ottoman piracy policy was the main means to protect the Eastern Mediterranean and restrict Spain's expansion to North Africa. The policy of piracy in Ottoman Empire is mainly based on internal and external factors: the internal cause is the two-way demand of expansion and defense, the lack of finance and the weakness of maritime tradition need to be supplemented by troops who are good at naval warfare; The external cause is that the West Austria region is equal to the North African pirates and the Austro-French alliance to relieve the pressure of the Pirates Corps and the North African pirates strength is the best choice for the Ottoman Empire. The westward expansion ambition of Ottoman Empire was the fundamental cause of its pirate policy. The policy of piracy was accompanied by Ottoman rivalry with Spain's Mediterranean. In the 16th century neither Ottoman nor Spain's core area of interest was the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, the Mediterranean remains an important node in the expansion of the two countries. The Ottoman Empire's piracy policy basically achieved its intended goal, successfully boycotting Spain's expansion in North Africa, on the basis of which it dealt a heavy blow to Christian countries, and then caused a counterattack by Christian countries. In the 16th century, in the Mediterranean region, The Ottoman Empire supported North African pirates against Spanish influence in the Mediterranean, and Spain funded the Knights to fight against Muslim nations. The Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Empire fought for hegemony in the Mediterranean Sea, mainly around proxy warfare. Proxy warfare is the best choice adopted by the two empires under the condition of equal strength. In the struggle in the Mediterranean, all the participants regarded the principle of self-interest as the sole criterion, religion and culture, etc., completely succumbed to the principle of self-interest. The proxy war in the Mediterranean is not only the manifestation of Ottoman's struggle against Spain, but also the epitome of the regional hegemony of modern powers.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K374.3
，
本文編號：2328221
[Abstract]:In the 16 th century, the Mediterranean changed, and the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Empire became the main players in the Mediterranean. The Ottoman Empire defeated Venice to become the hegemony of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and pushed its sphere of influence to the western Mediterranean Sea. Due to the limited naval power it had to seek collaborators in North Africa and the Maghreb pirates became the imperial choice. Spain experienced the opening of a new route, the strength of the West Mediterranean into its own ruling circle. The Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Empire fought in the Mediterranean Sea, and the North African pirates played an important role in the Ottoman struggle for hegemony. North African pirates have a long history, the 16 th century, the rise of the Red Beard family and the Ottoman Empire's expansion policy. The policy of piracy in the Ottoman Empire began largely in 1481, when Mohamed II intended to use North African pirates to drive out the order of St. John, Rhode Island, until the Ottoman Empire signed a ban on piracy in 1740. 1518 years ago, The piracy policy of the Ottoman Empire is in the preparatory stage; From 1518-1587, the period of Baylor Bei was the most effective period in which the Maghreb region was under Ottoman rule, which was both the leader of the pirate syndicate and the commander in chief of the Ottoman Navy. The imperial rule over North Africa and the rivalry with Spain over Mediterranean affairs were based on the implementation of the piracy policy; From 1587 to the end of the 16 th century, the Ottoman Empire's piracy policy gradually declined. Ottoman piracy policy was the main means to protect the Eastern Mediterranean and restrict Spain's expansion to North Africa. The policy of piracy in Ottoman Empire is mainly based on internal and external factors: the internal cause is the two-way demand of expansion and defense, the lack of finance and the weakness of maritime tradition need to be supplemented by troops who are good at naval warfare; The external cause is that the West Austria region is equal to the North African pirates and the Austro-French alliance to relieve the pressure of the Pirates Corps and the North African pirates strength is the best choice for the Ottoman Empire. The westward expansion ambition of Ottoman Empire was the fundamental cause of its pirate policy. The policy of piracy was accompanied by Ottoman rivalry with Spain's Mediterranean. In the 16th century neither Ottoman nor Spain's core area of interest was the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, the Mediterranean remains an important node in the expansion of the two countries. The Ottoman Empire's piracy policy basically achieved its intended goal, successfully boycotting Spain's expansion in North Africa, on the basis of which it dealt a heavy blow to Christian countries, and then caused a counterattack by Christian countries. In the 16th century, in the Mediterranean region, The Ottoman Empire supported North African pirates against Spanish influence in the Mediterranean, and Spain funded the Knights to fight against Muslim nations. The Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Empire fought for hegemony in the Mediterranean Sea, mainly around proxy warfare. Proxy warfare is the best choice adopted by the two empires under the condition of equal strength. In the struggle in the Mediterranean, all the participants regarded the principle of self-interest as the sole criterion, religion and culture, etc., completely succumbed to the principle of self-interest. The proxy war in the Mediterranean is not only the manifestation of Ottoman's struggle against Spain, but also the epitome of the regional hegemony of modern powers.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K374.3
，
本文編號：2328221
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