教皇庇護(hù)二世與人文主義
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-04 14:45
【摘要】：教會(huì)與人文主義關(guān)系的研究是文藝復(fù)興研究的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。目前學(xué)術(shù)界在世俗人文主義研究上已有豐碩成果;對(duì)于教會(huì)內(nèi)部對(duì)待人文主義的態(tài)度上還有待繼續(xù)研究。15世紀(jì)人文學(xué)者成為教皇是教會(huì)發(fā)展史上的新現(xiàn)象,本文選取這一現(xiàn)象中的典型代表庇護(hù)二世作為研究對(duì)象。與同時(shí)代的其他教皇相比,他既是人文學(xué)者成為教皇這一現(xiàn)象中的典型代表,又有自己的特色。他的前半生憑借演說和寫作才能游走于教會(huì)和帝國宮廷。在成為教皇后,他竭盡全力組織十字軍對(duì)抗土耳其,公開提出"拒絕埃涅阿斯,接受庇護(hù)二世",堅(jiān)持基督教思想的正統(tǒng)性;同時(shí),庇護(hù)二世私下又非常熱衷人文學(xué),把寫作文學(xué)、考古等人文愛好作為終身的興趣愛好;他對(duì)藝術(shù)建筑和人文學(xué)者的庇護(hù)也有著鮮明的個(gè)人特色。因此,庇護(hù)二世的案例在15世紀(jì)的教會(huì)史上既體現(xiàn)了共性,又有獨(dú)具特色的一面。本文以教會(huì)和教皇為中心,細(xì)致而全面地詮釋了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)代基督教會(huì)與人文主義的關(guān)系。在教會(huì)層面,著重論述了教會(huì)對(duì)人文才能的接納,對(duì)建筑、人文學(xué)者服務(wù)的需求,并分析了教會(huì)接納、需求的客觀原因:文藝復(fù)興時(shí)代,教會(huì)結(jié)束分裂、教宗回歸羅馬等歷史事件推進(jìn)了羅馬教廷的發(fā)展,也帶給教會(huì)紛繁復(fù)雜的內(nèi)外事務(wù),現(xiàn)實(shí)的需求使得教會(huì)積極接納人文才能;在教皇個(gè)人層面,以庇護(hù)二世為案例,從他如何通過人文愛好培養(yǎng)自身的情調(diào)志趣,如何把人文學(xué)作為追求知識(shí)學(xué)問的途徑兩方面,分析了教皇對(duì)人文主義的態(tài)度。通過以上分析,總結(jié)出教會(huì)與人文主義二者關(guān)系的兩面性。庇護(hù)二世作為人文學(xué)者出身的教皇,他以公私兩分的態(tài)度兼容基督教思想與人文主義,固守教皇的本職和基督教正統(tǒng)思想是他的公開觀點(diǎn),人文學(xué)愛好是他私人興趣。他的態(tài)度表現(xiàn)出15世紀(jì)羅馬教會(huì)對(duì)于人文主義的普遍看法。因此,以庇護(hù)二世為個(gè)案可以看出15世紀(jì)教會(huì)與人文主義還未完全融合,但前者對(duì)后者總體上是積極接納的;二者之間不是人文主義批判教會(huì),也不是教會(huì)慷慨扶持人文主義發(fā)展,而是一種既彼此依存又相對(duì)獨(dú)立的復(fù)雜關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The study of the relationship between church and humanism is a difficult point in the study of Renaissance. At present, academic circles have made great achievements in the study of secular humanism. It is a new phenomenon in the history of church development for humanists to become Pope in the 15th century. This paper chooses the typical representative of this phenomenon as asylum II as the object of study. Compared with other popes of his time, he is not only the typical representative of the phenomenon that humanists become Pope, but also his own characteristics. He spent the first half of his life roaming the church and imperial court by speaking and writing. After he became Pope, he made every effort to organize crusades against Turkey, openly proposed "reject Aeneas, accept asylum II", adhere to the orthodoxy of Christian thought; At the same time, Haven II was also very keen on human literature in private, taking writing literature, archaeology and other humanistic hobbies as his lifelong interests. He also had distinct personal characteristics for the protection of art, architecture and humanities scholars. Therefore, the case of asylum II in the history of the church in the 15 th century not only embodies the common, but also has a unique side. Focusing on the church and the pope, this paper explains the relationship between the Christian church and humanism in the Renaissance. At the church level, the paper emphasizes on the acceptance of humanistic talents, the demand for architecture and the service of humanistic scholars, and analyzes the objective reasons for the acceptance of the church, the objective reasons for the demand: the Renaissance, the end of the split of the church, Historical events such as the Pope's return to Rome promoted the development of the Holy see and brought complex internal and external affairs to the church. On the personal level of Pope, this paper analyzes the Pope's attitude to humanism from two aspects: how to cultivate his own interest through his humanistic hobbies and how to take humanism as a way to pursue knowledge and learning. Through the above analysis, summed up the relationship between the church and humanism. As a humanist, the Pope of asylum II, with a public and private attitude, is compatible with Christian thought and humanism. His public opinion is that he adheres to his duties as Pope and Christian orthodoxy, and his personal interest in humanities is his hobby. His attitude showed the general view of humanism in the Roman Church in the 15 th century. Therefore, taking asylum II as a case, we can see that the church and humanism of the 15th century have not been fully integrated, but the former is generally positive acceptance of the latter; The relationship between the two is not a critical church of humanism nor a generous support for the development of humanism, but a complex relationship which is interdependent and relatively independent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K13
，
本文編號(hào)：2310141
[Abstract]:The study of the relationship between church and humanism is a difficult point in the study of Renaissance. At present, academic circles have made great achievements in the study of secular humanism. It is a new phenomenon in the history of church development for humanists to become Pope in the 15th century. This paper chooses the typical representative of this phenomenon as asylum II as the object of study. Compared with other popes of his time, he is not only the typical representative of the phenomenon that humanists become Pope, but also his own characteristics. He spent the first half of his life roaming the church and imperial court by speaking and writing. After he became Pope, he made every effort to organize crusades against Turkey, openly proposed "reject Aeneas, accept asylum II", adhere to the orthodoxy of Christian thought; At the same time, Haven II was also very keen on human literature in private, taking writing literature, archaeology and other humanistic hobbies as his lifelong interests. He also had distinct personal characteristics for the protection of art, architecture and humanities scholars. Therefore, the case of asylum II in the history of the church in the 15 th century not only embodies the common, but also has a unique side. Focusing on the church and the pope, this paper explains the relationship between the Christian church and humanism in the Renaissance. At the church level, the paper emphasizes on the acceptance of humanistic talents, the demand for architecture and the service of humanistic scholars, and analyzes the objective reasons for the acceptance of the church, the objective reasons for the demand: the Renaissance, the end of the split of the church, Historical events such as the Pope's return to Rome promoted the development of the Holy see and brought complex internal and external affairs to the church. On the personal level of Pope, this paper analyzes the Pope's attitude to humanism from two aspects: how to cultivate his own interest through his humanistic hobbies and how to take humanism as a way to pursue knowledge and learning. Through the above analysis, summed up the relationship between the church and humanism. As a humanist, the Pope of asylum II, with a public and private attitude, is compatible with Christian thought and humanism. His public opinion is that he adheres to his duties as Pope and Christian orthodoxy, and his personal interest in humanities is his hobby. His attitude showed the general view of humanism in the Roman Church in the 15 th century. Therefore, taking asylum II as a case, we can see that the church and humanism of the 15th century have not been fully integrated, but the former is generally positive acceptance of the latter; The relationship between the two is not a critical church of humanism nor a generous support for the development of humanism, but a complex relationship which is interdependent and relatively independent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K13
，
本文編號(hào)：2310141
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