【摘要】： 納粹德國(guó)境外德意志人政策作為納粹民族主義和種族主義思想的重災(zāi)區(qū)，對(duì)德國(guó)、境外德意志人和東道國(guó)的走向都產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。本文以歷史學(xué)的視角來(lái)探討這一問(wèn)題。本文共分兩章，以此來(lái)分析納粹德國(guó)境外德意志人政策的演變及實(shí)施情況，以及對(duì)其背后的歷史動(dòng)因進(jìn)行剖析。 導(dǎo)論首先討論境外德意志人問(wèn)題的由來(lái)和意義，其次回顧境外德意志人問(wèn)題的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況。再次著重探討魏瑪共和國(guó)時(shí)期的境外德意志人問(wèn)題。凡爾賽和約締結(jié)以后，，境外德意志人問(wèn)題成為影響德國(guó)和東道國(guó)關(guān)系的一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題。魏瑪政府始終不肯接受凡爾賽和約對(duì)境外德意志人問(wèn)題的處理，無(wú)視少數(shù)民族條款，不遺余力地通過(guò)多種途徑支持境外德意志人。由于境外德意志人和傳統(tǒng)民族主義組織的內(nèi)訌，加之東道國(guó)的強(qiáng)烈抵制，魏瑪政府的境外德意志人政策效果并不顯著。 第一章討論1933-1939年納粹德國(guó)境外德意志人政策。首先論述民族主義和納粹德國(guó)外交政策與納粹德國(guó)境外德意志人政策之間的聯(lián)系。民族主義作為納粹黨的主要指導(dǎo)思想之一，對(duì)納粹德國(guó)境外德意志人政策的理論和實(shí)踐具有很大影響。納粹德國(guó)境外德意志人政策為其外交政策服務(wù)。當(dāng)兩者之間出現(xiàn)沖突時(shí)，境外德意志人便成了納粹德國(guó)外交政策的犧牲品。其次論述納粹德國(guó)主管境外德意志人事務(wù)組織演變。納粹德國(guó)一方面把傳統(tǒng)民族主義組織納粹化，另一方面建立境外德意志人聯(lián)絡(luò)處來(lái)直接處理境外德意志人事務(wù)。再次論述納粹德國(guó)通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)援助、文化和宣傳支持以及支持暴力活動(dòng)來(lái)支援境外德意志人，并分國(guó)別詳細(xì)敘述了這些活動(dòng)。最后論述納粹德國(guó)兼并活動(dòng)與境外德意志人之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。 第二章討論1939-1945年納粹德國(guó)境外德意志人政策。第一節(jié)討論境外德意志人與“第五縱隊(duì)”之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性。首先辨析境外德意志人與“第五縱隊(duì)”活動(dòng)傳聞之間的聯(lián)系，然后剖析境外德意志人的“第五縱隊(duì)”活動(dòng)。第二節(jié)討論納粹德國(guó)對(duì)境外德意志人的安置。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，德國(guó)就有把境外德意志人安置到東方的想法。德意同盟關(guān)系以及德蘇之間的勢(shì)力范圍劃分給了德國(guó)安置境外德意志人的機(jī)會(huì)。加強(qiáng)德意志民族全權(quán)代表辦公室，連同其他相關(guān)組織處理境外德意志人安置活動(dòng)。第三節(jié)討論境外德意志人在納粹德國(guó)“德意志化”政策的作用。為了使兼并地區(qū)和占領(lǐng)地區(qū)“德意志化”，納粹德國(guó)頒布境外德意志人分類(lèi)一覽表和德裔居民名單建立起等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的種族社會(huì)。 當(dāng)然，境外德意志人問(wèn)題并未就此終結(jié)。二戰(zhàn)后，蘇聯(lián)和東歐國(guó)家對(duì)境外德意志人進(jìn)行了驅(qū)逐甚至屠殺。境外德意志人問(wèn)題依然是影響德國(guó)和東歐國(guó)家關(guān)系的不利因素。 文章最后認(rèn)為：納粹德國(guó)的境外德意志人政策不但沒(méi)能改善境外德意志人的處境，而且給境外德意志人和德國(guó)自身帶來(lái)了難以估量的損失。 本文可以讓人繼續(xù)思考的是：第一，跨界民族問(wèn)題應(yīng)當(dāng)冷靜對(duì)待，不要把歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)混為一談，不要把學(xué)術(shù)問(wèn)題和政治問(wèn)題劃等號(hào)。雙方應(yīng)當(dāng)以“和平共處”的方式妥善解決爭(zhēng)議。第二，不要刻意突出民族和種族差別問(wèn)題，應(yīng)當(dāng)容忍民族和種族的多樣性。
[Abstract]:The German policy as Nazi nationalism and racist ideology outside Germany has exerted a far-reaching influence on Germany, the German people outside Germany and the host country. This paper discusses the problem in the perspective of history. This paper analyzes the evolution and implementation of German policy in Nazi Germany, and analyzes the historical reasons behind it. The introduction first discusses the origin and significance of the problem of German people outside the country, and then reviews the overseas German people. An overview of the research at home and abroad. When we re-emphasize the Weimar Republic, During the period of the Treaty of Versailles and the conclusion of the Treaty of Versailles, the question of the German people outside Germany became a major influence on Germany and the host country A matter of great importance to the relations between China and China, the Weimar government has always refused to accept Versailles and the handling of the problems of the German people outside the country, ignoring the provisions of the minority nationalities and sparing no effort to adopt a variety of The way supports the German people outside the country. Because of the internal tensions of the German and traditional nationalist organizations outside the country, and the strong resistance of the host country, the overseas German government of Weimar government The policy effect of Annals is not significant. The first chapter discusses 1 The German policy outside Germany in 933-1939. First of all, the nationalism and Nazi Germany are discussed. The link between the policy and the German policy outside Germany. Nationalism, as one of the main guiding ideology of the Nazi Party, is against Nazi Germany. The theory and practice of German people's policy outside the country have great influence The German policy outside Germany is a foreign policy service. When there is a conflict between them, Outside Germany became a victim of Nazi Germany's foreign policy. This paper discusses the evolution of the German human affairs organization outside the charge of Nazi Germany. The Nazi Germany, on the one hand, nationalized the traditional nationalism and established the environment on the other hand. The External German Liaison Office directly deals with the affairs of German people outside the country, and again discusses Nazi Germany's support for economic aid, culture and publicity, and support for violent activities. These activities have been described in detail in the country's country and are detailed in the country. The interaction between the German merger activity and the overseas German people. The second chapter discusses the German policy of Nazi Germany in 1939-1945. On the Relationship between the Overseas German and the 鈥淭eam 5鈥

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