【摘要】： 歐洲現(xiàn)代各國的前身大多起源于西羅馬帝國滅亡之后,而現(xiàn)代歐洲民族也同樣與那時的三大古老民族有著密切關(guān)系,這三個民族分別是:凱爾特人、日耳曼人、斯拉夫人。凱爾特人在現(xiàn)代分布較少,而后兩者則分別是現(xiàn)代西歐與東歐的主要民族。這幾個民族在發(fā)展的過程中生發(fā)出了許多支系,并各自建立起自己的國家,但它們之間的聯(lián)系并沒有因此而割斷,在現(xiàn)代社會他們面臨的許多問題都與此有著十分微妙的關(guān)系。這些民族的交往作為一個整體,是當時歐洲普遍存在的一種形式。放眼整個歐洲,這些民族及自身各個分支的互相制約一方面奠定了東西歐互相對峙的格局,另一方面也奠定了歐洲近代民族國家的基本輪廓,并且也深刻影響到了歐洲封建制度的形成。 本文共分為三個部分: 第一部分簡要介紹在五世紀之前歐洲各主要蠻族的大致分布狀況,以及羅馬在向地中海以北地區(qū)擴張時期與各民族的接觸與交流;當時凱爾特人勢力很大,分布很廣,但是日耳曼人已從遙遠的北歐逐步向歐洲內(nèi)陸地區(qū)遷移,并逐步向大陸各個地區(qū)擴散。 第二部分主要介紹在公元五百年左右,匈奴人的到來迫使各蠻族西遷。羅馬人開始潰退,凱爾特人的空間被嚴重壓縮,日耳曼人占據(jù)了原來高盧及周邊廣大地區(qū),形成了一系列的蠻族小國。在東面,斯拉夫人逐漸興起并向西遷移,并深受拜占庭文明的影響,其中巴爾干地區(qū)成為了各民族和文明的交匯的地區(qū)。在這些民族不斷發(fā)展與擴張的同時,也深刻的影響到了歐洲整個封建制度的形成,使得東、西歐各自走上了不同的發(fā)展道路。 第三部分主要介紹在十世紀前后,來自北歐的殘留的日耳曼人所發(fā)動的類似于海盜性質(zhì)的活動。他們活動猖獗,分布廣泛,對歐洲大部份國家政治、經(jīng)濟都造成了很大的影響。使本來已經(jīng)錯綜的民族問題更加復雜。隨著這次侵襲的結(jié)束,蠻族對于歐洲大陸的威脅也就逐漸消逝了。
[Abstract]:Most of the forerunners of modern European countries originated after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and the modern European nations were also closely related to the three ancient peoples at that time: Celtic, Germanic, Slavic. The Celts were less distributed in modern times, and the latter two were the main peoples of modern Western and Eastern Europe respectively. In the process of development, these nations have developed many branches and established their own countries, but their connections have not been cut off, and many of the problems they face in modern society have a very delicate relationship with them. The communication of these nationalities as a whole was a form of common existence in Europe at that time. Looking at the whole of Europe, on the one hand, the mutual restriction of these nationalities and their own branches has laid the pattern of confrontation between East, West and Europe, on the other hand, it has also laid the basic outline of Europe's modern nation-state. And also profoundly affected the formation of European feudalism. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part briefly introduces the distribution of the main barbarians in Europe before the fifth century, and the contacts and exchanges between Rome and the nationalities during the expansion period to the north of the Mediterranean; At that time the Celts were very powerful and widely distributed, but the Germans had gradually moved from distant northern Europe to the interior of Europe, and gradually spread to various parts of the continent. The second part mainly introduces that about 500 AD, the arrival of the Huns forced the barbarians to move westward. The Romans began to retreat, the Celtic space was severely compressed, the Germanic occupied the original Gaul and surrounding areas, forming a series of barbarian small countries. To the east, the Slavs began to rise and migrate westward, and were deeply influenced by Byzantine civilization, in which the Balkan region became the intersection of peoples and civilizations. With the continuous development and expansion of these peoples, the formation of the feudal system in Europe was also deeply influenced, which made the eastern and western Europe walk on different development paths. The third part mainly introduces the pirate-like activities launched by the remaining Germans from northern Europe around the tenth century. Their activities are rampant and widespread, and have had a great impact on the politics and economy of most European countries. It complicates the already intricate ethnic problems. With the end of the invasion, the brute threat to the continent faded away.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K13

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