【摘要】：作為西歐社會重要的經濟組織之一,公會在中世紀晚期、近代早期的英國城市經濟生活中占有重要地位。自14世紀下半葉,隨著商品經濟的發(fā)展,資本主義生產關系萌芽的出現(xiàn),城市中手工業(yè)行會不斷地發(fā)展和變化,通過逐漸分化和聯(lián)合,形成了更大的組織——公會,它適應了當時生產力水平,在一定程度上保護和發(fā)展了萌芽中的資本主義生產關系。本文主要從四部分對公會進行論述。 第一部分論述手工業(yè)行會向公會的過渡。一部分對16、17世紀英國社會商品市場經濟的發(fā)展作簡要論述；另一部分主要對中世紀晚期,為適應經濟發(fā)展的需要,手工業(yè)行會紛紛向更大組織——公會過渡進行簡要的梳理,理順行會向公會過渡的時間、途徑等。 第二部分論述同業(yè)公會的生產屬性。在這一部分主要講述資本主義生產方式的產生,它對公會帶來的影響以及公會內部組織生產方式發(fā)生了怎樣的變化,以自己愚見,認為原來的行會內部采用師傅-幫工-學徒同一程序內的混合生產制,后來變?yōu)椤按髱煾怠奔吧倘速Y本家與小師傅階層間的分成生產。 第三部分論述公會內部的組織結構。此部分的結構重點介紹內部人員構成上發(fā)生等級變化及要對公會的職能進行論述,闡述公會職能的不斷強化。此外,還要強調公會內部商人力量的不斷壯大,商業(yè)公會實力不斷增強。 第四部分論述公會的歷史地位。這一部分主要從兩大方面進行闡述：一方面從對當時英國城市經濟的積極影響上；另一方面是探究公會的社會局限性,從對技術革新與傳承、公會成員權利的限制方面探討其局限性。 在結語部分,文章對全文內容進行了簡要的回顧總結,指出同業(yè)公會的本質屬性及其走向衰亡的歷史命運。
[Abstract]:As one of the important economic organizations in Western Europe, guilds played an important role in the economic life of English cities in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. Since the second half of the 14th century, with the development of commodity economy and the emergence of capitalist relations of production, handicraft guilds in cities have been developing and changing constantly. Through gradual differentiation and association, a larger organization, the guild, has been formed. It adapted to the level of productivity at that time and protected and developed the budding capitalist relations of production to a certain extent. This paper mainly discusses the guild from four parts. The first part discusses the transition from handicraft guild to guild. One part briefly discusses the development of the British social commodity market economy in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the other part mainly deals with the needs of economic development in the late Middle Ages. In order to meet the needs of economic development, handicraft trade associations have one after another made a brief combing of the transition to a larger organization, the guild. Straighten out the time, path, etc from guild to guild. The second part discusses the production attribute of the trade association. In this part, we mainly talk about the emergence of capitalist mode of production, the influence it brings to guild and how the mode of production within guild has changed. It is considered that the original guild used the mixed production system of the same procedure of master, helper and apprentice, and later became the "master" and the division between the merchant capitalists and the little masters. The third part discusses the internal structure of the guild. The structure of this part mainly introduces the internal personnel structure changes and the function of the guild, expounds the constant strengthening of the guild's function. In addition, we should also emphasize the growing strength of businessmen within the guild and the strength of the commercial guild. The fourth part discusses the historical status of guild. This part is mainly from two aspects: on the one hand, from the positive impact on the British urban economy; on the other hand, it explores the social limitations of the guild, from the technical innovation and inheritance. The limitations of the rights of guild members are discussed. In the conclusion part, the article makes a brief review and summary of the content of the full text, and points out the essential attribute of the trade association and its historical fate.
【學位授予單位】：天津師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F156.1;K561

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本文編號：2286003