【摘要】： 作為最早建立現(xiàn)代文官制度的國家,英國一直備受世界關(guān)注。尤其在撒切爾夫人任職期間對(duì)文官制度進(jìn)行的大刀闊斧的改革不僅對(duì)英國產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響,在國際上也引起了強(qiáng)烈的反響,使英國的文官制度再次成為世界各國文官制度建設(shè)的楷模。因此,對(duì)英國的改革實(shí)踐進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)地梳理和分析,對(duì)于我們更為深刻地理解和把握西方國家文官制度改革的理論邏輯有著重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文試圖從歷史的角度對(duì)英國文官制度改革進(jìn)行梳理,重點(diǎn)介紹撒切爾政府時(shí)期的文官改革措施,并深入分析改革的意識(shí)形態(tài)起源,以期能對(duì)我國的文官制度改革有所借鑒。 本文第一章簡(jiǎn)要介紹英國近代文官制度的歷史沿革及撒切爾政府時(shí)期的文官制度改革背景。十九世紀(jì)中期《諾-屈報(bào)告》的發(fā)表標(biāo)志著英國近代文官制度的確立,進(jìn)入二十世紀(jì)后,文官的表現(xiàn)和文官制度本身日益受到社會(huì)的批評(píng)。從二十世紀(jì)六十年代起,隨著《富爾頓報(bào)告》的出臺(tái),英國率先開始了文官制度的現(xiàn)代化改革。到二十世紀(jì)后半期,英國的經(jīng)濟(jì),財(cái)政危機(jī)及社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化使政府陷入困境;而文官制度的繁冗機(jī)構(gòu),通才制度及嚴(yán)重的官僚作風(fēng)更使其成為撒切爾政府改革的矛頭。 本文第二章討論撒切爾政府時(shí)期對(duì)文官制度大張旗鼓的改革,改革的具體措施主要包括雷納評(píng)審,《下一步行動(dòng)方案》等。雷納評(píng)審是對(duì)英國政府機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情況進(jìn)行的一次大規(guī)模調(diào)查研究,為后續(xù)改革提供了有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和具體的建議;而《下一步行動(dòng)方案》的出臺(tái),特別是執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)立從根本上動(dòng)搖了文官制度。撒切爾政府時(shí)期文官制度的改革可以說是一次與傳統(tǒng)決裂的轉(zhuǎn)型。同時(shí)也在國際上產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響,成為許多國家二十世紀(jì)最后二十年文官制度改革效仿的對(duì)象。 本文第三章深入探討撒切爾政府時(shí)期文官制度改革的意識(shí)形態(tài)起源。英國保守,漸進(jìn)的文化傳統(tǒng)對(duì)文官制度改革的特點(diǎn)起到了決定性的作用;而撒切爾的政治思想,及英國的政治文化傳統(tǒng)如對(duì)政府權(quán)利的限制,政府運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)方式的特殊性,以及對(duì)行政的價(jià)值追求等則推動(dòng)了文官制度的改革。在文章的最后,筆者簡(jiǎn)要分析撒切爾政府文官制度改革所帶來的成效及改革存在的問題,并在結(jié)論中總結(jié)其對(duì)中國未來文官制度改革的啟發(fā)。筆者認(rèn)為研究撒切爾政府的文官制度改革不僅對(duì)于了解英國文官制度、探索其自身發(fā)展的規(guī)律性具有重要意義,而且對(duì)我國當(dāng)前進(jìn)行的文官制度改革也具有積極的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:As the earliest country to establish the modern civil service system, Britain has always been concerned by the world. In particular, the drastic reform of the civil service system carried out during Mrs. Thatcher's term of office not only had a profound impact on Britain, but also aroused strong repercussions in the international arena. To make the British civil service system to become the model of the construction of civil service system around the world. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for us to understand and grasp the theoretical logic of civil service system reform in western countries. This paper attempts to comb the reform of the British civil service system from the historical point of view, mainly introduces the civil service reform measures during the Thatcher government, and deeply analyzes the ideological origin of the reform, in the hope that it can be used for reference in the reform of the civil service system in our country. The first chapter briefly introduces the history of the British civil service system and the background of the reform of the civil service system during the Thatcher government. The publication of the Northrop report in the middle of the nineteenth century marks the establishment of the modern British civil service system. After entering the 20th century, the performance of the civil service and the civil service system itself have been increasingly criticized by the society. Since 1960's, with the publication of Fulton report, Britain began the modernization of the civil service system. By the second half of the twentieth century, Britain's economic and financial crisis and changes in the social structure had brought the government into trouble, while the redundant institutions of the civil service system, the generalist system and the serious bureaucracy made it the spearhead of Thatcher's government reform. The second chapter discusses the reform of the civil service system during the Thatcher administration. The concrete measures of the reform mainly include Reina Review, the next Action Plan, and so on. The Reina Review was a large-scale study of the functioning of British government agencies, which provided useful experience and concrete recommendations for further reforms; and the next Action Plan. In particular, the establishment of the executive body fundamentally shook the civil service system. The reform of civil service system during Thatcher's government was a break with tradition. At the same time, it has had a profound influence in the world and has become the object of civil service system reform in many countries in the last two decades of the 20th century. The third chapter discusses the ideological origin of the civil service system reform in Thatcher government. Britain's conservative and progressive cultural tradition has played a decisive role in the reform of the civil service system, while Thatcher's political thought and the British political and cultural tradition, such as the restriction of government rights, the particularity of the mode of government operation, have played a decisive role in the reform of the civil service system. And the pursuit of administrative value has promoted the reform of civil service system. At the end of the article, the author briefly analyzes the effect brought by the reform of Thatcher's civil service system and the problems existing in the reform, and summarizes its inspiration to the future reform of the civil service system in China. The author thinks that the research on the reform of the civil service system of Thatcher's government is of great significance not only to understand the British civil service system and to explore the regularity of its own development, but also to make positive reference to the current reform of the civil service system in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K561

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