【摘要】：迪安·艾奇遜(1893—1971)1941年起進(jìn)入國務(wù)院工作,1947年到1949年期間先后擔(dān)任杜魯門總統(tǒng)的副國務(wù)卿與國務(wù)卿。作為當(dāng)時國務(wù)院政策決策層的核心成員,艾奇遜參與了當(dāng)時杜魯門政府的歷次重大外交活動,在制定對歐洲政策,特別是馬歇爾計劃、解決柏林封鎖和建立北大西洋公約組織等歷史事件中扮演了重要角色。本文從分析歷史事件的角度著手,考察美國對歐洲政策制定過程中艾奇遜的參與度與影響度。 本文共分四章。 第一章主要闡述艾奇遜的生平與歐洲觀。第一,歐洲移民的身份使他對歐洲的情況更為熟悉也更為有興趣。第二,他與杜魯門的互相欣賞和融洽相處,使得他們在政治觀點(diǎn)上更容易達(dá)成共識。艾奇遜的外交理念也就能通過向總統(tǒng)出謀劃策的方式,影響美國對外政策的制定。第三,作為一名現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者和大西洋主義者,他在對歐洲問題的立場上堅(jiān)持扶持西歐對抗蘇聯(lián)的原則,他贊同重視歐洲、援助歐洲、聯(lián)合歐洲。 第二章是艾奇遜與馬歇爾計劃。時任副國務(wù)卿的艾奇遜雖未全程參與馬歇爾計劃的實(shí)施,卻為這項(xiàng)計劃的開展拉開了帷幕。他在克利夫蘭的演說,被認(rèn)為是馬歇爾計劃的催生劑。 第三章寫艾奇遜與第一次柏林危機(jī)的解決。在柏林危機(jī)的解決過程中,艾奇遜剛剛上任國務(wù)卿,敏銳的抓住了蘇聯(lián)想要和解的信號,促成“杰塞普—馬立克會談”這種非官方的接觸形式,巧妙的為各國的溝通創(chuàng)造了機(jī)會,推進(jìn)危機(jī)的解決。 第四章艾奇遜與北大西洋公約組織的建立。在北約的籌劃階段,艾奇遜參與有限,但是自他1949年重新回到國務(wù)院以后,便立即投入到北約建立的談判中,他一次又一次在國會與各界的反對聲中解釋斡旋,是北大西洋公約得以出臺的重要功臣。
[Abstract]:Dean Acheson (1893-1971) joined the State Department in 1941 and served as Deputy Secretary of State and Secretary of State of President Truman from 1947 to 1949. As a core member of the State Council's policy decisions at that time, Acheson was involved in major diplomatic activities under the Truman administration at that time, formulating policies towards Europe, especially the Marshall Plan. The resolution of the Berlin blockade and the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and other historical events played an important role. From the perspective of historical events, this paper examines the participation and influence of Acheson in the process of European policy making. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly expounds Acheson's life and view of Europe. First, his status as a European immigrant made him more familiar with and more interested in what was going on in Europe. Second, his mutual appreciation and rapport with Truman made it easier for them to reach consensus on political views. Acheson's diplomatic ideas can influence American foreign policy by advising the president. Third, as a realist and an Atlanticist, he insisted on the principle of supporting Western Europe against the Soviet Union in his position on European issues. He agreed to attach importance to Europe, to aid Europe, and to unite Europe. The second chapter is Acheson and Marshall Plan. Acheson, then deputy secretary of state, was not fully involved in the Marshall Plan, but began it. His speech in Cleveland was considered a catalyst for the Marshall Plan. Chapter three deals with Acheson and the solution of the first Berlin crisis. In the course of resolving the Berlin crisis, Acheson, who had just taken over as secretary of state, keenly grasped the signal that the Soviet Union wanted to reconcile, leading to an unofficial form of contact such as the Jessup-Malik talks. Ingeniously for the communication of countries to create the opportunity to promote the resolution of the crisis. Chapter IV Acheson and the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Acheson's involvement in NATO planning was limited, but since returning to the State Department in 1949, he has been immediately involved in NATO negotiations, explaining his mediation over and over again in opposition to Congress. Is the North Atlantic Treaty to be introduced an important contribution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K712.54

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