【摘要】：一般而言，持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和城市化是相伴而生的，但是在非洲，城市化進(jìn)程并不是工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的產(chǎn)物，非洲的快速城市化主要是由大量農(nóng)村人口向城市的遷移造成的。本文便以蘇丹喀土穆為例具體分析國(guó)內(nèi)流離失所者這一被迫遷移導(dǎo)致的城市化模式，分析這一路徑下快速城市化所產(chǎn)生的必然后果。 喀土穆是蘇丹最大也最為富裕的城市，，自殖民時(shí)代，人口穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)，而最顯著的增長(zhǎng)則發(fā)生在過(guò)去的三十年間，在這期間，因內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、沖突、干旱、饑荒及其影響下農(nóng)耕經(jīng)濟(jì)的崩潰將大量的農(nóng)村人口推向了首都。城市人口的機(jī)械化增長(zhǎng)加速了喀土穆的城市化進(jìn)程，無(wú)論是從人口規(guī)模還是在城市空間擴(kuò)展上。在此過(guò)程中，人數(shù)眾多的國(guó)內(nèi)流離失所者不僅向城市貢獻(xiàn)了不斷攀升的失業(yè)率，加劇了城市的貧困和擁擠，還為城市原有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)體系造成了巨大壓力。 本文分為三個(gè)部分來(lái)探討喀土穆的國(guó)內(nèi)流離失所者和城市化問(wèn)題。第一部分主要陳述和總結(jié)喀土穆城市中國(guó)內(nèi)流離失所者的來(lái)源、人口規(guī)模，并從安置與生活條件、雇傭和經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、公共服務(wù)的獲取、社會(huì)文化的改變以及歧視與邊緣化等方面論述其在城市中的生存狀況。第二部分則將國(guó)內(nèi)流離失所者視為被迫遷移者考察其與喀土穆城市發(fā)展之間的互動(dòng)過(guò)程，具體分析了國(guó)內(nèi)流離失所者的到來(lái)對(duì)喀土穆人口擴(kuò)展與城市化、城市空間擴(kuò)展與規(guī)劃、城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、城市政治、城市安全以及城市環(huán)境造成的不可忽視的影響。第三部分闡述蘇丹本國(guó)政府、國(guó)際社會(huì)以及中國(guó)直接或間接地為喀土穆國(guó)內(nèi)流離失所者問(wèn)題的改善所奉行的政策和采取的措施，以及國(guó)際援助在喀土穆城市化進(jìn)程中的參與狀況。結(jié)語(yǔ)部分就國(guó)內(nèi)流離失所者與喀土穆快速城市化問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了歸納和總結(jié)，指出這一城市化模式的弊端，并希望流離失所問(wèn)題可以在本國(guó)政府或國(guó)際社會(huì)法律和政策層面得到有效解決。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, sustained economic development and urbanization are concomitant, but in Africa, the process of urbanization is not the product of industrial economic prosperity, the rapid urbanization of Africa is mainly caused by the migration of a large number of rural people to cities. This paper takes Khartoum, Sudan as an example, to analyze the pattern of urbanization caused by forced displacement of internally displaced persons, and the inevitable consequences of rapid urbanization under this path. Khartoum is the largest and richest city in Sudan, with a steady increase in population since colonial times, and the most significant increase has occurred in the past three decades, during which civil war, conflict, drought, Famine and the collapse of the farming economy have pushed large numbers of rural people to the capital. The mechanization of the urban population has accelerated the urbanisation of Khartoum, both in terms of population size and urban space expansion. In the process, the large number of internally displaced persons not only contributes to the rising unemployment rate in the cities, exacerbates poverty and overcrowding in the cities, but also puts great pressure on the original infrastructure and public service systems in the cities. This article is divided into three parts to discuss the issue of internally displaced persons and urbanization in Khartoum. The first part mainly describes and summarizes the sources, population size, resettlement and living conditions, employment and economic conditions, access to public services of the Chinese internally displaced people in Khartoum City, The change of social culture, discrimination and marginalization, etc. The second part considers the internally displaced persons as forced migrants to examine the interaction between them and the urban development in Khartoum, and analyzes the impact of the arrival of the internally displaced persons on the population expansion and urbanization, urban spatial expansion and planning in Khartoum. Urban economic development, urban politics, urban safety and urban environment can not be ignored. The third part describes the policies and measures taken by the Government of the Sudan, the international community and China, directly or indirectly, to improve the problem of internally displaced persons in Khartoum, And the participation of international aid in the process of urbanization in Khartoum. The conclusion part summarizes and summarizes the problem of the internally displaced persons and the rapid urbanization in Khartoum, and points out the disadvantages of this model of urbanization. It is also hoped that displacement can be effectively addressed at the legal and policy levels of the national Government or the international community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K412;F299.412

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