【摘要】： 14世紀(jì)中期,蒙古人建立的西察合臺汗國日漸衰弱,成為河中地區(qū)的突厥貴族的傀儡。帖木兒便是這些突厥貴族中的一位。帖木兒奪取政權(quán)之后,積極向外擴(kuò)張,迅速建立了帖木兒帝國。在帖木兒帝國初期,蒙古人在欽察草原上建立的欽察汗國發(fā)生內(nèi)訌,其屬國白帳汗國日趨強(qiáng)大,開始干涉其宗主欽察汗國的事務(wù)。白帳貴族脫脫迷失利用帖木兒勢力,取得欽察汗國汗位。之后,脫脫迷失企圖擺脫帖木兒的控制,由此,引發(fā)了雙方的戰(zhàn)爭。這一戰(zhàn)爭長達(dá)十幾年之久。 帖木兒與欽察汗脫脫迷失之間的戰(zhàn)爭分為兩個(gè)階段。從1383年起到1388年為第一階段。在這一階段中,脫脫迷失主動(dòng)出擊,帖木兒采取被動(dòng)防守。1388至1396年的8年是第二階段,在此階段中,帖木兒主動(dòng)出擊,而脫脫迷失被動(dòng)防守。 在1395至1396年冬,帖木兒率軍進(jìn)入伏爾加河流域。在奪取欽察汗國重要城市阿斯特拉罕后,帖木兒遷走全城居民,將城市燒毀。接著,帖木兒向欽察汗國都城薩萊城進(jìn)發(fā)。薩萊城沒有進(jìn)行抵抗,帖木兒用大火燒掉了該城。以后,欽察汗在內(nèi)憂外患中去世。幾年后,帖木兒也于1405年在前往征服中國的途中去世,兩者之間的關(guān)系結(jié)束。 帖木兒死后,帖木兒帝國解體。他的后繼者們在原帖木兒帝國內(nèi)建立起各自獨(dú)立的王朝,歷史上將這些王朝稱為帖木兒王朝。帖木兒王朝繼續(xù)與欽察汗國就花拉子模的歸屬問題發(fā)生爭奪。在兀魯伯時(shí)代,帖木兒王朝取得了花拉子模的控制權(quán)。 帖木兒與欽察汗之間的戰(zhàn)爭,使中亞、東歐生產(chǎn)力水平遭到了極大的破壞。東歐、中亞的許多商業(yè)城鎮(zhèn)也遭到毀滅,通過這些地區(qū)的國際商路曾一度阻絕。同時(shí),他們之間的戰(zhàn)爭給這些地區(qū)的人民帶來了極大的災(zāi)難,人民飽受掠奪和殘殺。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the 14 th century, the western Chahetai khanate established by the Mongols became a puppet of the Turkic aristocracy in the middle of the river. Timur was one of these Turkic nobles. After Timur seized power, he actively expanded outwards and quickly established the Timur Empire. In the early days of the Timur Empire, the Mongolians fought infighting in the Khin Cha Khan country established on Chincha grassland, and the white tent khanate became more and more powerful, and began to interfere in the affairs of its great-lord, Qincha Khan. White account aristocrats get rid of loss and use Timur power to obtain Khan position of Qincha Khan. After that, he tried to get rid of the control of Timur, which led to the war between the two sides. The war lasted for more than a decade. The war between Timur and Chin Cha Khan is divided into two stages. The first stage was from 1383 to 1388. In this stage, it is the second stage for Timur to take passive defense from 1388 to 1396. In this stage, Timur takes the initiative to attack, but to get rid of the passive defense. In the winter of 1395-1396, Timur led the army into the Volga River Basin. After seizing Astrakhan, Timur moved the city and burned it down. Then Timur made his way to the capital city of Salai. Sarai did not resist, and Timur burned the city with fire. Later, Qincha Khan died of internal and external troubles. A few years later, Timur died on his way to conquer China in 1405, ending the relationship. After Timur died, the Timur Empire disintegrated. His successors established their own independent dynasties within the former Timur Empire, which historically were called Timur's. The Timur dynasty continued to compete with Chin Chah Khan over the ownership of the flower model. In the era of Luber, the Timur dynasty gained control of the model. The war between Timur and Chinchakhan caused great damage to productivity in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. In Eastern Europe, many commercial towns in Central Asia were also destroyed, through which international trade routes were blocked. At the same time, the war between them brought great disaster to the people of these areas, the people were plundered and killed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K3

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