【摘要】：日本的擴張思想源遠(yuǎn)流長。核心淵源是其本國特殊的地理位置,家族特征及反映于心理遺存的民間傳說神話,日本古代民族狩獵式的生存方式形成的尚武重掠之風(fēng)。日本作為島國的心理是十分矛盾的,既有作為神國的優(yōu)越感,又有資源貧乏,孤立的自卑感,這就形成日本對外擴張的一個因素。日本的創(chuàng)世神話展示了崇尚武德的一方面,這也埋下了日本對外征伐的思維萌芽。日本的創(chuàng)世神格化,也成為日本自負(fù)是神的后代的肇始。使其天生有一種神化自負(fù)心理,借助崇武的行事方式,使對外征伐得以實施。 武士道的內(nèi)涵是由儒教、佛教和神道教三大要素構(gòu)成的,武士道是以轉(zhuǎn)化的神道教為思想內(nèi)核,以轉(zhuǎn)化的儒教為道德規(guī)范,以轉(zhuǎn)化的禪宗為人生信仰。武士從儒教攝取忠勇卻轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)生了忠大于孝的特色;從神道教攝取忠君尚武的思想;對禪宗的習(xí)悟,形成了輕生向死,禁欲沉靜的品格。 韓國對于日本有一種巨大的吸引力,每當(dāng)日本國力強盛進行擴張時,第一個目標(biāo)就是韓國。日本北鄰強國俄國既為日本資本主義的發(fā)展提供了現(xiàn)實的借鑒,也為日后的擴張走向定下了基調(diào),使日本在制定擴張政策時不得不把這個橫跨歐亞大陸的國家作為首要考慮對象。正是對基督教的日本化改進,使日本的擴張尚武思想披上了基督的神性外衣,而且基督教在日本的對外侵略中也扮演了協(xié)調(diào)列強的角色,使基督教領(lǐng)袖們同軍方甚至天皇建立了協(xié)作的關(guān)系。基督教在國家權(quán)力面前選擇了合作而不是對抗,在精神上為日本侵略起了輔助作用。 日本的島國心理使在鎖國狀態(tài)下保持著蘭學(xué)輸入的通道,日本知識分子以其武士起而行之的執(zhí)行力積極學(xué)習(xí)蘭學(xué)中的科技,為日本資本主義發(fā)展及武力擴張打下了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。普魯士的尚武精神成了日本天然的榜樣,日本擴張的武士道精神有了成功的模板,善于吸收借鑒的日本當(dāng)然會加以利用。日本對德國的學(xué)習(xí)是全方位的,但卻有一個重點,那就是軍國主義。武士道同德國的軍國主義似乎有一種天然的親和性,武力擴張表現(xiàn)為西方形式就是德國軍國主義,而東方形式則為日本武士道。 海外雄飛的思想發(fā)展到最后同大陸政策合二為一,明治政府建立后的征韓、征臺就是這種思想的實踐,把日本尚武喜征伐的軍國主義本質(zhì)暴露無遺。可以說日本的征韓是內(nèi)憂外患條件下,日本從自身尚武的特性作出的歷史性選擇。日本作為資源缺乏的島國,發(fā)展資本主義具有先天的劣勢。韓國資源比較豐富,日本既然確定資本主義為其發(fā)展模式,就必然要同資本主義強國發(fā)生爭奪資源的競爭。日本鑒于自身的國情,只能選擇更為落后的韓國。大陸政策,使各種擴張思想發(fā)揮到極致,并在其侵略行動中不斷完善。多行不義必自斃,日本在給鄰國造成極大傷害的同時,自己也受到了應(yīng)有的懲罰。但是以大陸政策為代表的擴張思想并未消亡,右翼思潮的不斷沉渣泛起就是明證,中國和亞洲各國必須努力發(fā)展自己,只有自強,才是御侮之道。
[Abstract]:Japan has a long history of expansionism. Its core origin is its special geographical position, family characteristics and folk legends and myths reflected in psychological relics. The ancient Japanese national hunting-style survival style formed the trend of martial and plundering. Japan's psychology as an island country is very contradictory, both as a divine country superiority and resources. Japan's creation mythology shows one aspect of advocating martial arts, which also buries the germination of Japan's thinking on the external expedition. The way of doing so will enable foreign expedition to be implemented.
The connotation of Bushido is composed of Confucianism, Buddhism and Shintoism. Bushido takes Shintoism as its ideological core, transformed Confucianism as its moral norm and transformed Zen as its belief in life. The awakening of Zen has formed the character of suicide to death and abstinence.
South Korea has a great attraction to Japan, and when Japan expands, the first goal is South Korea. Japan's northern neighbor, Russia, not only provides a realistic reference for the development of Japanese capitalism, but also sets the tone for future expansion, which makes Japan have to cross Europe in formulating its expansion policy. It was the improvement of the Japanese Christianity that made Japan's expansionist martial-worshiping ideology clothed in the divine cloak of Christ, and Christianity played a coordinating role in Japan's foreign aggression, which enabled Christian leaders to establish cooperative relations with the military and even the emperor. The choice of cooperation before the power of the family rather than confrontation is a supplementary role in spirit for Japanese aggression.
Japanese intellectuals actively studied the science and technology of Orchid with the execution of their warriors, and laid a material foundation for the development of Japanese capitalism and the expansion of military force. Prussian martial spirit became a natural example of Japan, and Japan's expanded Bushido. Japan's study of Germany is all-round, but it has a key point, that is, militarism. Bushido seems to have a natural affinity with German militarism. The expansion of force is manifested in the form of German militarism in the West, while in the form of Oriental militarism. Japanese style Bushido.
After the establishment of the Meiji government, the idea of requisition for Taiwan was the practice of this kind of thought, which exposed the essence of Japanese militarism. It can be said that Japan's requisition for Korea was a historic choice made by Japan from its own military characteristics under the condition of internal distress and foreign invasion. As an island country lacking resources, developing capitalism has a congenital disadvantage. Korea is rich in resources. Since Japan determines capitalism as its development mode, it is bound to compete with the capitalist powers for resources. Japan, in view of its own national conditions, can only choose the more backward Korea. Continental policy, so that a variety of expansion ideas. Japan has been punished as well as inflicted great harm on its neighbors. However, the idea of expansion represented by the mainland policy has not disappeared, as evidenced by the continuous sinking of the right-wing trend of thought, which China and Asian countries must strive to develop. Self, only self strengthening is the way to resist aggression.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K313.4

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