【摘要】： 公元前5世紀(jì)末到前4世紀(jì)初的古希臘歷史是希臘城邦文明由繁榮走向衰敗的重要轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)期，歷來(lái)受到西方學(xué)界的普遍關(guān)注。但是，記載這段歷史的史料既匱乏又零散。除了一些銘文資料和其他知名作家的殘篇斷片而外，狄?jiàn)W多魯斯的《歷史集成》亦保留了相關(guān)記述。在西方史學(xué)史中，色諾芬的《希臘志》一直到19世紀(jì)仍被視為這段歷史的權(quán)威記述。然而，，《奧克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》草紙斷片在埃及的出土極大改變了公元前5世紀(jì)末到前4世紀(jì)初古希臘歷史的研究現(xiàn)狀。 現(xiàn)代西方關(guān)于《奧克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》的研究成果頗為豐富。最初西方學(xué)界只是聚焦于《奧克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》作者的身份與比奧提亞的聯(lián)盟體制，而今則側(cè)重于對(duì)其所記內(nèi)容進(jìn)行全面地專(zhuān)題研究。國(guó)內(nèi)目前對(duì)此論題的研究成果較少，即使有所涉及亦只是簡(jiǎn)單提及而已。筆者在翻譯《奧克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》原文的基礎(chǔ)上，試圖通過(guò)與色諾芬、狄?jiàn)W多魯斯等其他史家的相關(guān)記載進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)比對(duì)來(lái)探討和挖掘《奧克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》的史料價(jià)值。但必須指出的是，鑒于可資利用的資料的限制，本論文還有待于今后進(jìn)一步地完善。 本文共分為三章：在第一章中，筆者主要探討了奧克西林庫(kù)斯的考古發(fā)掘、《奧克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》的發(fā)掘出土及其作者、體例、語(yǔ)言和風(fēng)格、創(chuàng)作時(shí)間以及記載的內(nèi)容；在第二章中，主要對(duì)《奧克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》的開(kāi)羅斷片與佛羅倫薩斷片所記載的以弗所戰(zhàn)役、麥加拉戰(zhàn)役和諾丁姆戰(zhàn)役進(jìn)行了史料分析和文獻(xiàn)比對(duì)；在第三章中，筆者對(duì)倫敦?cái)嗥泝?nèi)容進(jìn)行逐條分析并與其他史家的記述進(jìn)行了文獻(xiàn)比對(duì)，其中主要探討了伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中雅典的衰落與底比斯的繁榮、比奧提亞的聯(lián)盟體制、伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后雅典的復(fù)興、斯巴達(dá)霸權(quán)的鞏固、科林斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、羅德斯民主政變、波斯與希臘城邦的關(guān)系以及希臘城邦內(nèi)部的黨派斗爭(zhēng)等內(nèi)容。 研究證明，《奧克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》主要記載了伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后期到科林斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束，即從公元前411年到前386年的古希臘歷史。從行文、風(fēng)格和體例來(lái)看，奧克西林庫(kù)斯史家的寫(xiě)作目的亦是為修昔底德續(xù)史的。奧克西林庫(kù)斯史家以翔實(shí)的記述、冷峻的判斷、客觀的分析見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)�！秺W克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》補(bǔ)充或者糾正了色諾芬等其他史家的相關(guān)記述。它與色諾芬的《希臘志》雖為同時(shí)期古希臘史事的記載，卻代表著兩種完全不同的史學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。色諾芬與奧克西林庫(kù)斯史家之間的分歧與其說(shuō)是政治方面的派別偏見(jiàn)，不如說(shuō)是史料來(lái)源與興奮點(diǎn)的不同。從歷史學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，《奧克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》似乎比色諾芬的《希臘志》更為可信，奧克西林庫(kù)斯史家即使難出修昔底德之右，亦會(huì)是比色諾芬優(yōu)秀的歷史學(xué)家。奧克西林庫(kù)斯史家與狄?jiàn)W多魯斯的記載之間存在諸多共性，說(shuō)明狄?jiàn)W多魯斯一定程度上繼承了奧克西林庫(kù)斯史家的史學(xué)傳統(tǒng)�！秺W克西林庫(kù)斯希臘志》對(duì)于學(xué)界重新審視色諾芬與狄?jiàn)W多魯斯作品的價(jià)值以及重新解讀公元前5世紀(jì)末到前4世紀(jì)初的古希臘歷史具有重要的史料參照意義。
[Abstract]:The history of ancient Greece from the end of the 5th century BC to the beginning of the 4th century BC is an important turning point of the Greek city-state civilization from prosperity to decline, which has always attracted the attention of the western academic circles. However, the historical records of this period are scarce and scattered. In the history of Western historiography, Xenophon's Greek Chronicle was still regarded as an authoritative account of this period until the 19th century. However, the unearthing of the scraps of papyrus in Egypt greatly changed the present study of ancient Greek history from the end of the 5th century B.C. to the beginning of the 4th century B.C.
There are plenty of achievements in the study of Oxycillinkus Greek Chronicle in the modern West. Originally, the western academic circles only focused on the identity of the author of Oxycillinkus Greek Chronicle and the alliance system of Biotia, but now they focus on the comprehensive and thematic study of its contents. At present, there are few studies on this topic in China, even though there are few. On the basis of the translation of the original Greek Chronicle of Oxycillincus, the author tries to explore and excavate the historical value of Oxycillincus by comparing it with other historians such as Xenophon and Diodorus. The limitation of data should be further improved in the future.
This paper is divided into three chapters: in the first chapter, the author mainly discusses the archaeological excavation of Oxycillincus, the excavation of Oxycillincus and its author, style, language and style, the time of creation and the content of records; in the second chapter, the author mainly discusses the Cairo fragments and Florence fragments of Oxycillincus Greek. In the third chapter, the author analyzes the contents of London fragments one by one and compares them with those of other historians, mainly discussing the decline of Athens in the Peloponnesian War and the multiplicity of Thebes. Rong, the alliance system of Biotia, the revival of Athens after the Peloponnesian War, the consolidation of Spartan hegemony, the Corinthian War, the Democratic coup of Rhodes, the relations between Persia and the Greek city-states, and the partisan struggle within the Greek city-states.
The study proves that the Greek Chronicle of Oxycillincus mainly records the ancient Greek history from the late Peloponnesian War to the end of the Corinthian War, that is, from 411 BC to 386 BC. The purpose of the Oxycillincus historian's writing is to continue the history of Thucydides in terms of writing, style and style. The Greek Chronicle of Oxycillincus supplements or corrects the relevant accounts of other historians, such as Xenophon. Although the Chronicle of Greece is a record of ancient Greek events of the same period, it represents two completely different historical traditions. The distinction between Xenophon and Oxycillincus historians From a historical point of view, the Greek Chronicle of Oxycillincus seems more credible than the Greek Chronicle of Xenophon, and the Oxycillincus historian would be a better historian than Xenophon even if he could not get out of Thucydides'right. There are many similarities between Lincus historians and Diodorus, indicating that Diodorus inherited to some extent the historiographic tradition of Oxycillincus historians. The ancient Greek history has important historical reference significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K125

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本文編號(hào)：2216485