【摘要】：在古希臘小國寡民的城邦制度體系之下,人口是城邦得以存在的前提。在希臘城邦世界里,戰(zhàn)爭與戰(zhàn)俘處置是關(guān)乎到所有城邦的重要事件之一,因而對于古希臘戰(zhàn)俘的研究可以有助于從側(cè)面對希臘城邦政治與戰(zhàn)爭關(guān)系進行更深入的認(rèn)識。本文的選題側(cè)重于公元前五世紀(jì)的希臘戰(zhàn)俘,其原因則是一方面公元前五世紀(jì)是希臘社會發(fā)展的黃金時期,是希臘城邦制度的成熟期；另一方面在戰(zhàn)爭史上又發(fā)生了兩次重大的戰(zhàn)事,即希臘人與波斯人之間的希波戰(zhàn)爭,以及希臘人內(nèi)部之間的伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭。在城邦制度發(fā)展時期,發(fā)生了這兩次重大的事件對于希臘政治也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響,因而筆者在以此為背景分析探討希臘戰(zhàn)俘處置的問題。文章的寫作首先通過古今戰(zhàn)俘定義的不同,進而引出古希臘人自己對于戰(zhàn)俘這一概念的界定。其次以公元前五世紀(jì)發(fā)生的希波戰(zhàn)爭、伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭為背景,去分析研究戰(zhàn)俘命運的多樣性,不確定性,并舉例加以說明其產(chǎn)生這種多樣性的原因。得出的結(jié)論是：希臘戰(zhàn)俘命運的多樣性與希臘政治的現(xiàn)實需要緊密相聯(lián)系,同時也受到古代既定的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的影響；戰(zhàn)俘命運的總體走向由公元前五世紀(jì)初期的較為寬恕轉(zhuǎn)變到五世紀(jì)末期的殘酷。最后對戰(zhàn)俘命運變化與希臘政治、社會生活之間的互動關(guān)系加以闡述,以展現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)俘處理問題對于希臘城邦發(fā)展的影響。
[Abstract]:Under the city-state system of the small country of ancient Greece, population is the precondition for the existence of the city-state. In the Greek city-state world, war and the disposal of prisoners of war are one of the most important events of all the city-states, so the study of ancient Greek prisoners of war can be helpful to further understand the relationship between politics and war of the Greek city-states. This thesis focuses on the Greek prisoners of war in the fifth century B.C., the reason is that the fifth century BC is the golden period of the development of Greek society, the maturity of the Greek city-state system; On the other hand, there were two major wars in the history of war, the Hippo War between the Greeks and the Persians, and the Peloponnesian War between the Greeks. In the period of the development of city-state system, the two major events had a profound influence on Greek politics, so the author analyzed and discussed the disposal of Greek prisoners of war against this background. Firstly, the author introduces the definition of prisoners of war by the different definitions of prisoners of war in ancient and modern times, and then leads to the definition of prisoners of war by the ancient Greeks themselves. Secondly, against the background of the Hebeau War and the Peloponnesian War in the fifth century BC, this paper analyzes the diversity and uncertainty of the fate of prisoners of war, and gives examples to illustrate the reasons for the diversity. The conclusions are as follows: the diversity of the fate of Greek prisoners of war is closely related to the actual needs of Greek politics and is also influenced by the established customs and habits of ancient times; The general trend of the fate of prisoners of war changed from the relatively forgiving in the early fifth century BC to the cruelty of the end of the fifth century. Finally, the interactive relationship between the fate of prisoners of war and the political and social life of Greece is expounded in order to show the influence of the handling of prisoners of war on the development of the Greek city-state.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K125

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