琉球獨立運動研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-19 11:20
【摘要】：琉球群島位于中國大陸以東,自東北向西南蜿蜒橫列在日本九州島與中國臺灣島之間,是太平洋西部的一系列島嶼群。12世紀的時候,琉球群島上出現(xiàn)了“中山”、“山南”、“山北”三個小國家,史上稱為“三山時代”。從明洪武五年(1372年)開始,琉球三國相繼接受了明朝的冊封,成為中國的藩屬國。公元1429年,中山國王統(tǒng)一琉球群島,建立了琉球王國,琉球王國依舊作為藩屬,向中國朝貢。 琉球立國近200年后,懷有擴張野心的日本開始逐步蠶食其領(lǐng)土。公元1609年,日本薩摩藩出兵武裝侵略琉球,囚禁琉球王于鹿兒島,強迫琉球向日本進貢,并吞并琉球北部島嶼。從此,琉球一方面被迫向日本稱臣納貢,另一方面仍然維持與中國的藩屬關(guān)系,歷史稱這段時間為“兩屬時期”。19世紀后期,明治維新后實力迅速增強的日本,開始不滿足于琉球的兩屬狀態(tài),而決心獨霸琉球。1879年,日本無視琉球宗主國中國的反對,宣布在琉球“廢藩置縣”,將其強行納入自己的版圖,日本稱這一事件叫“琉球處分”。但是,中國的清政府始終沒有認可日本對琉球的占領(lǐng)。 二戰(zhàn)末期,日美雙方在琉球進行了激烈的爭奪戰(zhàn),史稱“沖繩戰(zhàn)役”。在沖繩戰(zhàn)役過程中,窮兇極惡的日本軍隊對琉球人民進行了殘酷的以“玉碎”為名義的種族滅絕。此役以美國的勝利告終,琉球暫時擺脫了日本的控制。從二戰(zhàn)末直到20世紀70年代,琉球都處在美國的實際控制之下。可是,1972年美國政府竟不顧當時中國臺灣當局的反對,將琉球的“行政權(quán)”交給日本,使得琉球再次被日本據(jù)為己有。 關(guān)于琉球問題,我國的學(xué)者多從中日關(guān)系、中琉關(guān)系入手進行研究。在研究日本吞并琉球的問題上,重點在于單方面探討中國歷屆政府處理“琉球問題”時的應(yīng)對措施和失誤,也有人會談到“琉球問題”對中日兩國關(guān)系和東亞政治局勢的影響。但很少有人研究琉球人民在面對日本侵略時的斗爭歷程,以及在這個過程中所付出的巨大代價和表現(xiàn)出來的不屈不撓的民族精神。當然,由于琉球的弱小,其對日本侵略的反抗效果是非常有限的,基本上對大局沒什么決定性影響,但他們的斗爭卻能夠反映琉球人民的思想傾向及意志。在重視民族獨特歷史文化和選擇未來發(fā)展道路的今天,這種思想傾向及斗爭歷史就顯得尤為重要。 琉球?qū)W者的相關(guān)歷史研究較為豐富,但其內(nèi)容和觀點受到日本國內(nèi)政治和社會環(huán)境的制約。同時,由于語言文字及國際關(guān)系因素的影響,琉球?qū)W者的研究狀況長期以來我們了解不多。本文就試圖還原琉球人民一百年來反抗日本吞并的斗爭歷史和要求自主、自治、獨立的歷史。彌補我國在研究“琉球問題”上的一些不足,引起人們對于琉球問題的進一步關(guān)注。另外,通過發(fā)掘過去被人們忽視的細節(jié),還原歷史事實揭露日本的侵略罪惡,也力圖為我國有效處理東海問題提供歷史依據(jù)和參考。 從琉球歷史的發(fā)展來看,1609年“薩摩入侵”、1870年代的“琉球處分”、1940年代的戰(zhàn)后“琉球處置”、1970年代的“沖繩返還”是琉球與日本關(guān)系的重要轉(zhuǎn)折點,也是琉球歷史發(fā)展的重要環(huán)節(jié)。在以上各個歷史時期,琉球人民都進行了不屈不撓的斗爭。一大批不愿做亡國奴的琉球人奮起反抗,采取各種措施爭取民族的獨立與解放。盡管這些正義的斗爭遭到了日本殘酷的鎮(zhèn)壓,但他們的事跡依然令后來者肅然起敬。從長遠看,琉球依然作為一個問題區(qū)域存在,并使其未來的走向具有不確定性。 本文采用史料分析方法、文獻解讀法等研究方法,在充分查閱資料,明晰歷史事實的基礎(chǔ)上,以100年來圍繞琉球歸屬所引發(fā)的一系列事件為中心,從一個中國人的視角出發(fā),還原琉球人民反抗日本吞并的斗爭歷史。
[Abstract]:The Ryukyu Islands, located to the east of the mainland of China, zigzag from northeast to southwest between Kyushu Island in Japan and Taiwan Island in China, are a series of islands in the western Pacific Ocean. In the 12th century, three small countries, Zhongshan, Shannan and Shanbei, appeared in the Ryukyu Islands. They were called the "Three Mountains Age" in history. In 1429, King Zhongshan unified the Ryukyu Islands and established the Ryukyu kingdom. The Ryukyu Kingdom still served as a tribute to China.
Nearly 200 years after the founding of Ryukyu, Japan, with an expansionary ambition, began to nibble away its territory. In 1609, Samoa sent troops to invade Ryukyu, imprisoned Ryukyu King on Kagoshima, forced Ryukyu to pay tribute to Japan, and annexed the northern islands of Ryukyu. From then on, Ryukyu was forced to pay tribute to Japan, on the one hand, but on the other hand, it still maintained its status with China. In the late 19th century, after the Meiji Restoration, Japan, which had rapidly strengthened its power, began to be dissatisfied with Ryukyu's bi-national status and decided to dominate Ryukyu. In 1879, Japan ignored the opposition of the Ryukyu patriarch China and declared that it had "abolished the county" in Ryukyu and forced it into its own edition. Tu, Japan calls the incident "Ryukyu punishment." However, the Qing government of China has never recognized Japan's occupation of Ryukyu.
At the end of World War II, Japan and the United States fought fiercely in Ryukyu, historically known as the "Okinawa Campaign." In the course of the Okinawa Campaign, the fierce Japanese army cruelly exterminated the people of Ryukyu in the name of "jade fragmentation." The battle ended with the victory of the United States, and Ryukyu was temporarily free from Japanese control. From the end of World War II until the end of February 2. In the 1970s, Ryukyu was under the actual control of the United States. However, in 1972, despite the opposition of the then Taiwan authorities in China, the U.S. government handed over the "executive power" of Ryukyu to Japan, making it once again owned by Japan.
On the issue of Ryukyu, Chinese scholars mostly start with Sino-Japanese relations and Sino-Ryukyu relations. On the issue of Japan's annexation of Ryukyu, the emphasis is on unilaterally discussing the countermeasures and mistakes of successive Chinese governments in dealing with the "Ryukyu issue", and some people have talked about the "Ryukyu issue" in Sino-Japanese relations and the political situation in East Asia. However, few people have studied the struggle of the Ryukyu people in the face of Japanese aggression, as well as the tremendous cost and the indomitable national spirit in the process. Of course, due to the weakness of Ryukyu, its resistance to Japanese aggression is very limited, basically no decisive effect on the overall situation. However, their struggle can reflect the ideological inclination and will of the people of Ryukyu, which is particularly important today when we attach great importance to the unique national history and culture and choose the way of future development.
The relevant historical studies of Ryukyu scholars are abundant, but their contents and viewpoints are restricted by the domestic political and social environment of Japan. At the same time, due to the influence of language and international relations, the research situation of Ryukyu scholars has not been well understood for a long time. This paper attempts to restore the struggle of the people of Ryukyu against Japanese annexation in the past 100 years. To make up for some deficiencies in the study of the "Ryukyu issue" in our country, people pay more attention to the Ryukyu issue. In addition, by exploring the details neglected by people in the past and restoring historical facts to expose the evil of Japanese aggression, we also try to provide effective treatment of the East China Sea issue for our country. Historical basis and reference.
Judging from the historical development of Ryukyu, the "invasion of Samoa" in 1609, the "disposal of Ryukyu" in 1870, the "disposal of Ryukyu" in 1940, and the "return of Okinawa" in 1970 are important turning points in the relationship between Ryukyu and Japan, and are also important links in the historical development of Ryukyu. Unyielding struggle. A large number of Ryukyu people who did not want to be slaves rose up and took various measures to strive for national independence and liberation. The trend is uncertain.
In this paper, the historical data analysis method and literature interpretation method are used to restore the history of the struggle of the people of Ryukyu against the annexation of Japan from the perspective of a Chinese people, based on full access to information and a clear understanding of historical facts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K313
本文編號：2191506
[Abstract]:The Ryukyu Islands, located to the east of the mainland of China, zigzag from northeast to southwest between Kyushu Island in Japan and Taiwan Island in China, are a series of islands in the western Pacific Ocean. In the 12th century, three small countries, Zhongshan, Shannan and Shanbei, appeared in the Ryukyu Islands. They were called the "Three Mountains Age" in history. In 1429, King Zhongshan unified the Ryukyu Islands and established the Ryukyu kingdom. The Ryukyu Kingdom still served as a tribute to China.
Nearly 200 years after the founding of Ryukyu, Japan, with an expansionary ambition, began to nibble away its territory. In 1609, Samoa sent troops to invade Ryukyu, imprisoned Ryukyu King on Kagoshima, forced Ryukyu to pay tribute to Japan, and annexed the northern islands of Ryukyu. From then on, Ryukyu was forced to pay tribute to Japan, on the one hand, but on the other hand, it still maintained its status with China. In the late 19th century, after the Meiji Restoration, Japan, which had rapidly strengthened its power, began to be dissatisfied with Ryukyu's bi-national status and decided to dominate Ryukyu. In 1879, Japan ignored the opposition of the Ryukyu patriarch China and declared that it had "abolished the county" in Ryukyu and forced it into its own edition. Tu, Japan calls the incident "Ryukyu punishment." However, the Qing government of China has never recognized Japan's occupation of Ryukyu.
At the end of World War II, Japan and the United States fought fiercely in Ryukyu, historically known as the "Okinawa Campaign." In the course of the Okinawa Campaign, the fierce Japanese army cruelly exterminated the people of Ryukyu in the name of "jade fragmentation." The battle ended with the victory of the United States, and Ryukyu was temporarily free from Japanese control. From the end of World War II until the end of February 2. In the 1970s, Ryukyu was under the actual control of the United States. However, in 1972, despite the opposition of the then Taiwan authorities in China, the U.S. government handed over the "executive power" of Ryukyu to Japan, making it once again owned by Japan.
On the issue of Ryukyu, Chinese scholars mostly start with Sino-Japanese relations and Sino-Ryukyu relations. On the issue of Japan's annexation of Ryukyu, the emphasis is on unilaterally discussing the countermeasures and mistakes of successive Chinese governments in dealing with the "Ryukyu issue", and some people have talked about the "Ryukyu issue" in Sino-Japanese relations and the political situation in East Asia. However, few people have studied the struggle of the Ryukyu people in the face of Japanese aggression, as well as the tremendous cost and the indomitable national spirit in the process. Of course, due to the weakness of Ryukyu, its resistance to Japanese aggression is very limited, basically no decisive effect on the overall situation. However, their struggle can reflect the ideological inclination and will of the people of Ryukyu, which is particularly important today when we attach great importance to the unique national history and culture and choose the way of future development.
The relevant historical studies of Ryukyu scholars are abundant, but their contents and viewpoints are restricted by the domestic political and social environment of Japan. At the same time, due to the influence of language and international relations, the research situation of Ryukyu scholars has not been well understood for a long time. This paper attempts to restore the struggle of the people of Ryukyu against Japanese annexation in the past 100 years. To make up for some deficiencies in the study of the "Ryukyu issue" in our country, people pay more attention to the Ryukyu issue. In addition, by exploring the details neglected by people in the past and restoring historical facts to expose the evil of Japanese aggression, we also try to provide effective treatment of the East China Sea issue for our country. Historical basis and reference.
Judging from the historical development of Ryukyu, the "invasion of Samoa" in 1609, the "disposal of Ryukyu" in 1870, the "disposal of Ryukyu" in 1940, and the "return of Okinawa" in 1970 are important turning points in the relationship between Ryukyu and Japan, and are also important links in the historical development of Ryukyu. Unyielding struggle. A large number of Ryukyu people who did not want to be slaves rose up and took various measures to strive for national independence and liberation. The trend is uncertain.
In this paper, the historical data analysis method and literature interpretation method are used to restore the history of the struggle of the people of Ryukyu against the annexation of Japan from the perspective of a Chinese people, based on full access to information and a clear understanding of historical facts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K313
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