【摘要】：大學社會捐贈是西方大學重要的籌資渠道之一,英國中世紀大學的興起與大學社會捐贈密不可分。本文討論的大學社會捐贈是指,13至17世紀上半葉,教會、修道院、國王、貴族和其他社會各階層在內的捐贈者,出于各自的原因將屬于自己的財物贈與英國大學的行為。本文考察了13至17世紀英國大學社會捐贈的基本情況,將這一時期的捐贈行為分為兩個階段:第一,13世紀至15世紀上半葉是大學社會捐贈的興起階段。這一時期,捐贈者的主體是以羅馬教皇為首的教會,圣俸是其主要捐贈形式。與此同時,零星地出現(xiàn)了以王室和世俗貴族為主的世俗社會捐贈,但世俗捐贈的影響不能與教會匹敵。中世紀沒有獲得資助的貧困學者,通過其他途徑勉強在大學中生存。第二,15世紀中葉至17世紀上半葉是大學社會捐贈的發(fā)展階段。這一時期,由于圣俸數(shù)量的減少,教會捐贈逐漸沒落。與此同時,大學經費來源逐漸多元化,世俗社會的捐贈日益興盛起來,大學社會捐贈的主體從教會向世俗階層轉向,但是世俗捐贈并不能替代教會捐贈曾經扮演的角色。隨著大學社會捐贈的發(fā)展,各種教育慈善機構陸續(xù)成立,為了管理教育慈善機構和發(fā)展高等教育事業(yè),有關慈善的法律、法規(guī)開始出現(xiàn)并逐步完善,英國大學社會捐贈逐步制度化。在大學社會捐贈的發(fā)展階段,大學的教學設施得到了改善,大學的教學語言和教學課程也發(fā)生了變化,大學人口迅速增長,除了赤貧階層外,其他社會階層接受大學教育的機會增加,這一時期的英國大學呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的發(fā)展之勢。隨著世俗捐贈的增加,大學教育資源越來越向貴族傾斜。
[Abstract]:University social donation is one of the important financing channels for western universities. The rise of medieval universities in England is closely related to university social donation. The university social donation discussed in this paper refers to the behavior of donors, including churches, monasteries, kings, aristocrats and other social classes, in the first half of the 13th to 17th century, giving their own belongings to British universities for their own reasons. This paper examines the basic situation of social donation in British universities from the 13th to 17th century and divides the donation behavior into two stages: the first period from the 13th century to the first half of the 15th century is the rising stage of university social donation. During this period, the main donor was the church headed by the Pope, and the pension was its main form of donation. At the same time, the monarchy and the secular aristocracy dominated by secular social donations, but the impact of secular donations can not match the church. Poor scholars who did not receive aid in the Middle Ages managed to survive in universities by other means. From the middle of the 15 th century to the first half of the 17 th century, it was the development stage of university social donation. During this period, church donations declined as a result of the decline in the number of pensions. At the same time, the sources of university funds gradually diversified, and the donation of secular society became more and more prosperous. The main body of university social donation changed from the church to the secular class, but the secular donation could not replace the role played by the church donation. With the development of university social donation, various educational charities have been established one after another. In order to manage educational charities and develop higher education, laws and regulations on charity have begun to appear and gradually improved. Social donation from British universities is gradually institutionalized. During the development phase of university social donation, the teaching facilities of the university were improved, the teaching language and teaching curriculum of the university were changed, and the population of the university grew rapidly, except for the destitute class. The opportunities for other social classes to receive university education increased, and British universities showed an unprecedented trend of development during this period. With the increase of earthly donations, the resources of university education are more and more inclined to aristocrats.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：K561

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本文編號：2188254