【摘要】：大學(xué)社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)是西方大學(xué)重要的籌資渠道之一,英國中世紀(jì)大學(xué)的興起與大學(xué)社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)密不可分。本文討論的大學(xué)社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)是指,13至17世紀(jì)上半葉,教會(huì)、修道院、國王、貴族和其他社會(huì)各階層在內(nèi)的捐贈(zèng)者,出于各自的原因?qū)儆谧约旱呢?cái)物贈(zèng)與英國大學(xué)的行為。本文考察了13至17世紀(jì)英國大學(xué)社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)的基本情況,將這一時(shí)期的捐贈(zèng)行為分為兩個(gè)階段:第一,13世紀(jì)至15世紀(jì)上半葉是大學(xué)社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)的興起階段。這一時(shí)期,捐贈(zèng)者的主體是以羅馬教皇為首的教會(huì),圣俸是其主要捐贈(zèng)形式。與此同時(shí),零星地出現(xiàn)了以王室和世俗貴族為主的世俗社會(huì)捐贈(zèng),但世俗捐贈(zèng)的影響不能與教會(huì)匹敵。中世紀(jì)沒有獲得資助的貧困學(xué)者,通過其他途徑勉強(qiáng)在大學(xué)中生存。第二,15世紀(jì)中葉至17世紀(jì)上半葉是大學(xué)社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)的發(fā)展階段。這一時(shí)期,由于圣俸數(shù)量的減少,教會(huì)捐贈(zèng)逐漸沒落。與此同時(shí),大學(xué)經(jīng)費(fèi)來源逐漸多元化,世俗社會(huì)的捐贈(zèng)日益興盛起來,大學(xué)社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)的主體從教會(huì)向世俗階層轉(zhuǎn)向,但是世俗捐贈(zèng)并不能替代教會(huì)捐贈(zèng)曾經(jīng)扮演的角色。隨著大學(xué)社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)的發(fā)展,各種教育慈善機(jī)構(gòu)陸續(xù)成立,為了管理教育慈善機(jī)構(gòu)和發(fā)展高等教育事業(yè),有關(guān)慈善的法律、法規(guī)開始出現(xiàn)并逐步完善,英國大學(xué)社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)逐步制度化。在大學(xué)社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)的發(fā)展階段,大學(xué)的教學(xué)設(shè)施得到了改善,大學(xué)的教學(xué)語言和教學(xué)課程也發(fā)生了變化,大學(xué)人口迅速增長,除了赤貧階層外,其他社會(huì)階層接受大學(xué)教育的機(jī)會(huì)增加,這一時(shí)期的英國大學(xué)呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的發(fā)展之勢(shì)。隨著世俗捐贈(zèng)的增加,大學(xué)教育資源越來越向貴族傾斜。
[Abstract]:University social donation is one of the important financing channels for western universities. The rise of medieval universities in England is closely related to university social donation. The university social donation discussed in this paper refers to the behavior of donors, including churches, monasteries, kings, aristocrats and other social classes, in the first half of the 13th to 17th century, giving their own belongings to British universities for their own reasons. This paper examines the basic situation of social donation in British universities from the 13th to 17th century and divides the donation behavior into two stages: the first period from the 13th century to the first half of the 15th century is the rising stage of university social donation. During this period, the main donor was the church headed by the Pope, and the pension was its main form of donation. At the same time, the monarchy and the secular aristocracy dominated by secular social donations, but the impact of secular donations can not match the church. Poor scholars who did not receive aid in the Middle Ages managed to survive in universities by other means. From the middle of the 15 th century to the first half of the 17 th century, it was the development stage of university social donation. During this period, church donations declined as a result of the decline in the number of pensions. At the same time, the sources of university funds gradually diversified, and the donation of secular society became more and more prosperous. The main body of university social donation changed from the church to the secular class, but the secular donation could not replace the role played by the church donation. With the development of university social donation, various educational charities have been established one after another. In order to manage educational charities and develop higher education, laws and regulations on charity have begun to appear and gradually improved. Social donation from British universities is gradually institutionalized. During the development phase of university social donation, the teaching facilities of the university were improved, the teaching language and teaching curriculum of the university were changed, and the population of the university grew rapidly, except for the destitute class. The opportunities for other social classes to receive university education increased, and British universities showed an unprecedented trend of development during this period. With the increase of earthly donations, the resources of university education are more and more inclined to aristocrats.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：K561

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：2188254