查士丁尼時代軍事戰(zhàn)略研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 11:27
【摘要】：查士丁尼統(tǒng)治時期是拜占庭帝國承上啟下的時代。查士丁尼時代的輝煌來自于他的軍事偉業(yè)。查士丁尼時代的軍事成就離不開軍事戰(zhàn)略的合理利用。查士丁尼時代的軍事戰(zhàn)略分為三種類型：縱深防御戰(zhàn)略、攻勢防御戰(zhàn)略和守勢嚇阻戰(zhàn)略�？v深防御戰(zhàn)略源自君士坦丁大帝的軍事改革，成為拜占庭帝國基本的軍事戰(zhàn)略。攻勢防御戰(zhàn)略是拜占庭帝國在查士丁尼時代的特殊選擇，是查士丁尼時代拜占庭軍隊西征的主要軍事戰(zhàn)略。守勢嚇阻戰(zhàn)略在查士丁尼時代出現(xiàn)了雛形，到莫里斯時期得到了完善。在查士丁尼統(tǒng)治時期三種軍事戰(zhàn)略都有使用的空間。從統(tǒng)治者維護政治權(quán)威的角度考慮，統(tǒng)治者對這三種軍事戰(zhàn)略喜愛的次序依次是攻勢防御戰(zhàn)略、守勢嚇阻戰(zhàn)略和縱深防御戰(zhàn)略。這三種戰(zhàn)略都是建立在總體防御的基礎(chǔ)上，因此符合拜占庭的基本國情。攻勢防御戰(zhàn)略具有拓邊傾向，是拜占庭皇帝夢寐以求恢復(fù)地中海世界大一統(tǒng)的有效手段。攻勢防御戰(zhàn)略反映出國家戰(zhàn)略目標中統(tǒng)一優(yōu)先于和平的秩序安排。守勢嚇阻戰(zhàn)略是一種類似于前沿防御的軍事戰(zhàn)略，，適合于內(nèi)政主導(dǎo)型的國家戰(zhàn)略文化。在這種軍事戰(zhàn)略使用的情況下，拜占庭帝國能夠維護國內(nèi)的安定和繁榮。這種戰(zhàn)略符合拜占庭帝國國家戰(zhàn)略中追求國內(nèi)和平的目標，只是放棄了統(tǒng)一優(yōu)先的原則。縱深防御戰(zhàn)略是一種在國力下降和敵我力量對比不利于己方的情況下被迫選擇。在這種軍事戰(zhàn)略下，國家戰(zhàn)略的目標是維護國內(nèi)和平。本文主體部分共分五個部分：第一個部分是簡介4至7世紀東地中海世界的軍事變革和查士丁尼時代的歷史環(huán)境。中間三個部分依次分析了三種軍事戰(zhàn)略的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)變以及對三種軍事戰(zhàn)略的評價。最后部分分析了軍事戰(zhàn)略對時代的影響。 第一章主要論述了4至7世紀東地中海世界的歷史變革和在此基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的軍事變革，以及查士丁尼時代的面貌。4至7世紀是一個從古典時代向中古時代過渡的大變革時代。拜占庭帝國在這個變革時代獲得了自己的特性，確立了各項制度。在拜占庭帝國早期的歷史中，生存成為了第一位的需要，因此軍事變革就成為了大變革時代的要義。4至7世紀，東地中海世界經(jīng)歷了戴克里先、君士坦丁大帝、查士丁尼、莫里斯和希拉克略進行的軍事變革。這些變革使得先前以重裝步兵為核心的羅馬軍團演化為以騎兵為支柱的拜占庭特色的中古軍隊。查士丁尼時代是這個軍事變革承上啟下的時代。查士丁尼時代的軍事變革成就和其他各項制度的完善，使其成為了拜占庭帝國的第一個黃金期。在這一部分，文章還探討了拜占庭帝國國家戰(zhàn)略的手段，以及軍事戰(zhàn)略在國家戰(zhàn)略中的地位。 第二章具體分析了縱深防御戰(zhàn)略的產(chǎn)生和運用�？v深防御戰(zhàn)略是君士坦丁大帝開創(chuàng)的一項基本的軍事戰(zhàn)略，為拜占庭帝國后世沿用。在查士丁尼時代縱深防御戰(zhàn)略運用的戰(zhàn)例是拜占庭帝國與波斯之間的戰(zhàn)爭。拜占庭帝國與波斯之間的戰(zhàn)爭是力量相對均衡的兩大帝國之間的爭霸戰(zhàn)爭。拜占庭帝國運用縱深防御戰(zhàn)略來維護國家的安全，實現(xiàn)國家戰(zhàn)略的目標。 第三章探討了國家戰(zhàn)略目標發(fā)生了秩序的調(diào)整，統(tǒng)一優(yōu)先于和平。在這種國家戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整的背景下，查士丁尼發(fā)動了收復(fù)失地的西征軍事行動。而攻勢防御戰(zhàn)略就成為了西征的有效手段。貝利撒留運用攻勢防御戰(zhàn)略在北非取得了汪達爾戰(zhàn)爭的輝煌勝利，但是這種戰(zhàn)略卻在意大利戰(zhàn)場不能順利完成使命。兩個戰(zhàn)場的不同進程反映出攻勢防御戰(zhàn)略的優(yōu)劣性。 第四章具體分析了守勢阻絕性戰(zhàn)略形成的背景，發(fā)展的態(tài)勢。守勢嚇阻戰(zhàn)略代替攻勢防御戰(zhàn)略是拜占庭帝國國力下降的必然選擇。守勢嚇阻戰(zhàn)略在查士丁尼時代出現(xiàn)了雛形，到莫里斯時代獲得了成熟。守勢嚇阻戰(zhàn)略在查士丁尼時代主要用于多瑙河防線和哥特戰(zhàn)爭中期的三次羅馬圍攻戰(zhàn)。 第五章主要論述了查士丁尼時代三種軍事戰(zhàn)略的影響。軍事戰(zhàn)略與國家戰(zhàn)略的關(guān)系是一種互動的反應(yīng)。軍事戰(zhàn)略服從于國家戰(zhàn)略，同時又影響了國家戰(zhàn)略使用的效果。軍事戰(zhàn)略產(chǎn)生的軍事震懾是國家戰(zhàn)略有效運行的核心。查士丁尼時代的三種軍事戰(zhàn)略是由地中海世界當時的局勢決定的，反過來又影響了地中海世界歷史發(fā)展的走勢。
[Abstract]:The period of Justinian rule is the era of the Byzantine Empire. The brilliance of Justinian era comes from his great military achievements. The military achievements of Justinian era can not be separated from the rational use of military strategy. The military strategy of Justinian era can be divided into three types: defensive strategy in depth, offensive defense strategy and defensive deterrence war. The strategy of defense in depth originated from the military reform of Constantine the Great and became the basic military strategy of the Byzantine Empire. By the time of Maurice, it was perfected. There was room for all three military strategies under Justinian rule. From the point of view of the ruler's political authority, the ruler's favorite order of the three military strategies was offensive defense strategy, defensive intimidation strategy and deep defense strategy. On the basis of defense, it accords with the basic national conditions of Byzantium. The offensive defense strategy has the tendency of expanding the border and is an effective means for Byzantine emperors to restore the Mediterranean world unity. The offensive defense strategy reflects the order arrangement in which unity takes precedence over peace in the national strategic goal. The Byzantine Empire was able to maintain stability and prosperity in its own country. This strategy was in line with the goal of pursuing domestic peace in the Byzantine Empire's national strategy, but abandoned the principle of unification and priority. Under this military strategy, the goal of the national strategy is to maintain domestic peace. The main part of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part is a brief introduction to the military changes in the Eastern Mediterranean world from the 4th to the 7th century and the historical environment of the Justinian era. In the last part, the influence of military strategy on the times is analyzed.
The first chapter mainly discusses the historical changes of the Eastern Mediterranean in the 4th to 7th centuries and the military changes based on them, as well as the appearance of the Justinian Age. The 4th to 7th centuries were a period of great changes from the classical era to the Mediterranean era. The Byzantine Empire acquired its own characteristics in this period of change and established various systems. In the early history of the Byzantine Empire, survival became the first necessity, so military change became the essence of the Great Change. From the 4th to 7th centuries, the Eastern Mediterranean world underwent military changes by Diocletian, Constantine, Justinian, Morris, and Chiracello. These changes led to the earlier use of heavily armed infantry. The core of the Roman Legion evolved into a Byzantine army with cavalry as its backbone. The Justinian Age was a connecting link between the past and the future. The achievements of the military revolution and the perfection of other systems in the Justinian Age made it the first golden age of the Byzantine Empire. The strategy of Byzantine Empire and the position of military strategy in national strategy.
The second chapter analyzes the emergence and application of the defense strategy in depth.The defense strategy in depth is a basic military strategy initiated by Constantine the Great and used by the Byzantine Empire for later generations.The war between the Byzantine Empire and Persia is the example of the defense strategy in depth in the Justinian era. War is a struggle for hegemony between the two great empires with relatively balanced forces. The Byzantine Empire used a defensive strategy in depth to safeguard the security of the country and achieve the goal of the national strategy.
Chapter Three discusses the adjustment of the order of the national strategic objectives and the priority of reunification over peace. Under this background, Justinian launched a military expedition to recover lost territory. The offensive and defensive strategy became an effective means of the expedition. The two battlefields reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the offensive defense strategy.
The fourth chapter analyzes the background of the formation of the defensive deterrent strategy and its development trend.The defensive deterrent strategy replaced the offensive defensive strategy is the inevitable choice of the Byzantine Empire.The defensive deterrent strategy appeared in the early days of Justinian and matured in the days of Morris.The defensive deterrent strategy was mainly used in the times of Justinian. For the three Rome siege war between the The Danube defense line and the Gothic war.
The relationship between military strategy and national strategy is an interactive reaction. Military strategy is subordinate to national strategy, and at the same time affects the effect of the use of national strategy. The three military strategies were determined by the situation in the Mediterranean world at that time, which in turn affected the historical development of the Mediterranean world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K134
本文編號：2176864
[Abstract]:The period of Justinian rule is the era of the Byzantine Empire. The brilliance of Justinian era comes from his great military achievements. The military achievements of Justinian era can not be separated from the rational use of military strategy. The military strategy of Justinian era can be divided into three types: defensive strategy in depth, offensive defense strategy and defensive deterrence war. The strategy of defense in depth originated from the military reform of Constantine the Great and became the basic military strategy of the Byzantine Empire. By the time of Maurice, it was perfected. There was room for all three military strategies under Justinian rule. From the point of view of the ruler's political authority, the ruler's favorite order of the three military strategies was offensive defense strategy, defensive intimidation strategy and deep defense strategy. On the basis of defense, it accords with the basic national conditions of Byzantium. The offensive defense strategy has the tendency of expanding the border and is an effective means for Byzantine emperors to restore the Mediterranean world unity. The offensive defense strategy reflects the order arrangement in which unity takes precedence over peace in the national strategic goal. The Byzantine Empire was able to maintain stability and prosperity in its own country. This strategy was in line with the goal of pursuing domestic peace in the Byzantine Empire's national strategy, but abandoned the principle of unification and priority. Under this military strategy, the goal of the national strategy is to maintain domestic peace. The main part of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part is a brief introduction to the military changes in the Eastern Mediterranean world from the 4th to the 7th century and the historical environment of the Justinian era. In the last part, the influence of military strategy on the times is analyzed.
The first chapter mainly discusses the historical changes of the Eastern Mediterranean in the 4th to 7th centuries and the military changes based on them, as well as the appearance of the Justinian Age. The 4th to 7th centuries were a period of great changes from the classical era to the Mediterranean era. The Byzantine Empire acquired its own characteristics in this period of change and established various systems. In the early history of the Byzantine Empire, survival became the first necessity, so military change became the essence of the Great Change. From the 4th to 7th centuries, the Eastern Mediterranean world underwent military changes by Diocletian, Constantine, Justinian, Morris, and Chiracello. These changes led to the earlier use of heavily armed infantry. The core of the Roman Legion evolved into a Byzantine army with cavalry as its backbone. The Justinian Age was a connecting link between the past and the future. The achievements of the military revolution and the perfection of other systems in the Justinian Age made it the first golden age of the Byzantine Empire. The strategy of Byzantine Empire and the position of military strategy in national strategy.
The second chapter analyzes the emergence and application of the defense strategy in depth.The defense strategy in depth is a basic military strategy initiated by Constantine the Great and used by the Byzantine Empire for later generations.The war between the Byzantine Empire and Persia is the example of the defense strategy in depth in the Justinian era. War is a struggle for hegemony between the two great empires with relatively balanced forces. The Byzantine Empire used a defensive strategy in depth to safeguard the security of the country and achieve the goal of the national strategy.
Chapter Three discusses the adjustment of the order of the national strategic objectives and the priority of reunification over peace. Under this background, Justinian launched a military expedition to recover lost territory. The offensive and defensive strategy became an effective means of the expedition. The two battlefields reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the offensive defense strategy.
The fourth chapter analyzes the background of the formation of the defensive deterrent strategy and its development trend.The defensive deterrent strategy replaced the offensive defensive strategy is the inevitable choice of the Byzantine Empire.The defensive deterrent strategy appeared in the early days of Justinian and matured in the days of Morris.The defensive deterrent strategy was mainly used in the times of Justinian. For the three Rome siege war between the The Danube defense line and the Gothic war.
The relationship between military strategy and national strategy is an interactive reaction. Military strategy is subordinate to national strategy, and at the same time affects the effect of the use of national strategy. The three military strategies were determined by the situation in the Mediterranean world at that time, which in turn affected the historical development of the Mediterranean world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K134
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