查士丁尼時(shí)代軍事戰(zhàn)略研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-11 11:27
【摘要】：查士丁尼統(tǒng)治時(shí)期是拜占庭帝國(guó)承上啟下的時(shí)代。查士丁尼時(shí)代的輝煌來(lái)自于他的軍事偉業(yè)。查士丁尼時(shí)代的軍事成就離不開軍事戰(zhàn)略的合理利用。查士丁尼時(shí)代的軍事戰(zhàn)略分為三種類型：縱深防御戰(zhàn)略、攻勢(shì)防御戰(zhàn)略和守勢(shì)嚇阻戰(zhàn)略�？v深防御戰(zhàn)略源自君士坦丁大帝的軍事改革，成為拜占庭帝國(guó)基本的軍事戰(zhàn)略。攻勢(shì)防御戰(zhàn)略是拜占庭帝國(guó)在查士丁尼時(shí)代的特殊選擇，是查士丁尼時(shí)代拜占庭軍隊(duì)西征的主要軍事戰(zhàn)略。守勢(shì)嚇阻戰(zhàn)略在查士丁尼時(shí)代出現(xiàn)了雛形，到莫里斯時(shí)期得到了完善。在查士丁尼統(tǒng)治時(shí)期三種軍事戰(zhàn)略都有使用的空間。從統(tǒng)治者維護(hù)政治權(quán)威的角度考慮，統(tǒng)治者對(duì)這三種軍事戰(zhàn)略喜愛(ài)的次序依次是攻勢(shì)防御戰(zhàn)略、守勢(shì)嚇阻戰(zhàn)略和縱深防御戰(zhàn)略。這三種戰(zhàn)略都是建立在總體防御的基礎(chǔ)上，因此符合拜占庭的基本國(guó)情。攻勢(shì)防御戰(zhàn)略具有拓邊傾向，是拜占庭皇帝夢(mèng)寐以求恢復(fù)地中海世界大一統(tǒng)的有效手段。攻勢(shì)防御戰(zhàn)略反映出國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)中統(tǒng)一優(yōu)先于和平的秩序安排。守勢(shì)嚇阻戰(zhàn)略是一種類似于前沿防御的軍事戰(zhàn)略，，適合于內(nèi)政主導(dǎo)型的國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略文化。在這種軍事戰(zhàn)略使用的情況下，拜占庭帝國(guó)能夠維護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)的安定和繁榮。這種戰(zhàn)略符合拜占庭帝國(guó)國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略中追求國(guó)內(nèi)和平的目標(biāo)，只是放棄了統(tǒng)一優(yōu)先的原則�？v深防御戰(zhàn)略是一種在國(guó)力下降和敵我力量對(duì)比不利于己方的情況下被迫選擇。在這種軍事戰(zhàn)略下，國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的目標(biāo)是維護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)和平。本文主體部分共分五個(gè)部分：第一個(gè)部分是簡(jiǎn)介4至7世紀(jì)東地中海世界的軍事變革和查士丁尼時(shí)代的歷史環(huán)境。中間三個(gè)部分依次分析了三種軍事戰(zhàn)略的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)變以及對(duì)三種軍事戰(zhàn)略的評(píng)價(jià)。最后部分分析了軍事戰(zhàn)略對(duì)時(shí)代的影響。 第一章主要論述了4至7世紀(jì)東地中海世界的歷史變革和在此基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的軍事變革，以及查士丁尼時(shí)代的面貌。4至7世紀(jì)是一個(gè)從古典時(shí)代向中古時(shí)代過(guò)渡的大變革時(shí)代。拜占庭帝國(guó)在這個(gè)變革時(shí)代獲得了自己的特性，確立了各項(xiàng)制度。在拜占庭帝國(guó)早期的歷史中，生存成為了第一位的需要，因此軍事變革就成為了大變革時(shí)代的要義。4至7世紀(jì)，東地中海世界經(jīng)歷了戴克里先、君士坦丁大帝、查士丁尼、莫里斯和希拉克略進(jìn)行的軍事變革。這些變革使得先前以重裝步兵為核心的羅馬軍團(tuán)演化為以騎兵為支柱的拜占庭特色的中古軍隊(duì)。查士丁尼時(shí)代是這個(gè)軍事變革承上啟下的時(shí)代。查士丁尼時(shí)代的軍事變革成就和其他各項(xiàng)制度的完善，使其成為了拜占庭帝國(guó)的第一個(gè)黃金期。在這一部分，文章還探討了拜占庭帝國(guó)國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的手段，以及軍事戰(zhàn)略在國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略中的地位。 第二章具體分析了縱深防御戰(zhàn)略的產(chǎn)生和運(yùn)用�？v深防御戰(zhàn)略是君士坦丁大帝開創(chuàng)的一項(xiàng)基本的軍事戰(zhàn)略，為拜占庭帝國(guó)后世沿用。在查士丁尼時(shí)代縱深防御戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)用的戰(zhàn)例是拜占庭帝國(guó)與波斯之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。拜占庭帝國(guó)與波斯之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是力量相對(duì)均衡的兩大帝國(guó)之間的爭(zhēng)霸戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。拜占庭帝國(guó)運(yùn)用縱深防御戰(zhàn)略來(lái)維護(hù)國(guó)家的安全，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的目標(biāo)。 第三章探討了國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)發(fā)生了秩序的調(diào)整，統(tǒng)一優(yōu)先于和平。在這種國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整的背景下，查士丁尼發(fā)動(dòng)了收復(fù)失地的西征軍事行動(dòng)。而攻勢(shì)防御戰(zhàn)略就成為了西征的有效手段。貝利撒留運(yùn)用攻勢(shì)防御戰(zhàn)略在北非取得了汪達(dá)爾戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的輝煌勝利，但是這種戰(zhàn)略卻在意大利戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)不能順利完成使命。兩個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的不同進(jìn)程反映出攻勢(shì)防御戰(zhàn)略的優(yōu)劣性。 第四章具體分析了守勢(shì)阻絕性戰(zhàn)略形成的背景，發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì)。守勢(shì)嚇阻戰(zhàn)略代替攻勢(shì)防御戰(zhàn)略是拜占庭帝國(guó)國(guó)力下降的必然選擇。守勢(shì)嚇阻戰(zhàn)略在查士丁尼時(shí)代出現(xiàn)了雛形，到莫里斯時(shí)代獲得了成熟。守勢(shì)嚇阻戰(zhàn)略在查士丁尼時(shí)代主要用于多瑙河防線和哥特戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中期的三次羅馬圍攻戰(zhàn)。 第五章主要論述了查士丁尼時(shí)代三種軍事戰(zhàn)略的影響。軍事戰(zhàn)略與國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的關(guān)系是一種互動(dòng)的反應(yīng)。軍事戰(zhàn)略服從于國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略，同時(shí)又影響了國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略使用的效果。軍事戰(zhàn)略產(chǎn)生的軍事震懾是國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略有效運(yùn)行的核心。查士丁尼時(shí)代的三種軍事戰(zhàn)略是由地中海世界當(dāng)時(shí)的局勢(shì)決定的，反過(guò)來(lái)又影響了地中海世界歷史發(fā)展的走勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:The period of Justinian rule is the era of the Byzantine Empire. The brilliance of Justinian era comes from his great military achievements. The military achievements of Justinian era can not be separated from the rational use of military strategy. The military strategy of Justinian era can be divided into three types: defensive strategy in depth, offensive defense strategy and defensive deterrence war. The strategy of defense in depth originated from the military reform of Constantine the Great and became the basic military strategy of the Byzantine Empire. By the time of Maurice, it was perfected. There was room for all three military strategies under Justinian rule. From the point of view of the ruler's political authority, the ruler's favorite order of the three military strategies was offensive defense strategy, defensive intimidation strategy and deep defense strategy. On the basis of defense, it accords with the basic national conditions of Byzantium. The offensive defense strategy has the tendency of expanding the border and is an effective means for Byzantine emperors to restore the Mediterranean world unity. The offensive defense strategy reflects the order arrangement in which unity takes precedence over peace in the national strategic goal. The Byzantine Empire was able to maintain stability and prosperity in its own country. This strategy was in line with the goal of pursuing domestic peace in the Byzantine Empire's national strategy, but abandoned the principle of unification and priority. Under this military strategy, the goal of the national strategy is to maintain domestic peace. The main part of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part is a brief introduction to the military changes in the Eastern Mediterranean world from the 4th to the 7th century and the historical environment of the Justinian era. In the last part, the influence of military strategy on the times is analyzed.
The first chapter mainly discusses the historical changes of the Eastern Mediterranean in the 4th to 7th centuries and the military changes based on them, as well as the appearance of the Justinian Age. The 4th to 7th centuries were a period of great changes from the classical era to the Mediterranean era. The Byzantine Empire acquired its own characteristics in this period of change and established various systems. In the early history of the Byzantine Empire, survival became the first necessity, so military change became the essence of the Great Change. From the 4th to 7th centuries, the Eastern Mediterranean world underwent military changes by Diocletian, Constantine, Justinian, Morris, and Chiracello. These changes led to the earlier use of heavily armed infantry. The core of the Roman Legion evolved into a Byzantine army with cavalry as its backbone. The Justinian Age was a connecting link between the past and the future. The achievements of the military revolution and the perfection of other systems in the Justinian Age made it the first golden age of the Byzantine Empire. The strategy of Byzantine Empire and the position of military strategy in national strategy.
The second chapter analyzes the emergence and application of the defense strategy in depth.The defense strategy in depth is a basic military strategy initiated by Constantine the Great and used by the Byzantine Empire for later generations.The war between the Byzantine Empire and Persia is the example of the defense strategy in depth in the Justinian era. War is a struggle for hegemony between the two great empires with relatively balanced forces. The Byzantine Empire used a defensive strategy in depth to safeguard the security of the country and achieve the goal of the national strategy.
Chapter Three discusses the adjustment of the order of the national strategic objectives and the priority of reunification over peace. Under this background, Justinian launched a military expedition to recover lost territory. The offensive and defensive strategy became an effective means of the expedition. The two battlefields reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the offensive defense strategy.
The fourth chapter analyzes the background of the formation of the defensive deterrent strategy and its development trend.The defensive deterrent strategy replaced the offensive defensive strategy is the inevitable choice of the Byzantine Empire.The defensive deterrent strategy appeared in the early days of Justinian and matured in the days of Morris.The defensive deterrent strategy was mainly used in the times of Justinian. For the three Rome siege war between the The Danube defense line and the Gothic war.
The relationship between military strategy and national strategy is an interactive reaction. Military strategy is subordinate to national strategy, and at the same time affects the effect of the use of national strategy. The three military strategies were determined by the situation in the Mediterranean world at that time, which in turn affected the historical development of the Mediterranean world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K134
本文編號(hào)：2176864
[Abstract]:The period of Justinian rule is the era of the Byzantine Empire. The brilliance of Justinian era comes from his great military achievements. The military achievements of Justinian era can not be separated from the rational use of military strategy. The military strategy of Justinian era can be divided into three types: defensive strategy in depth, offensive defense strategy and defensive deterrence war. The strategy of defense in depth originated from the military reform of Constantine the Great and became the basic military strategy of the Byzantine Empire. By the time of Maurice, it was perfected. There was room for all three military strategies under Justinian rule. From the point of view of the ruler's political authority, the ruler's favorite order of the three military strategies was offensive defense strategy, defensive intimidation strategy and deep defense strategy. On the basis of defense, it accords with the basic national conditions of Byzantium. The offensive defense strategy has the tendency of expanding the border and is an effective means for Byzantine emperors to restore the Mediterranean world unity. The offensive defense strategy reflects the order arrangement in which unity takes precedence over peace in the national strategic goal. The Byzantine Empire was able to maintain stability and prosperity in its own country. This strategy was in line with the goal of pursuing domestic peace in the Byzantine Empire's national strategy, but abandoned the principle of unification and priority. Under this military strategy, the goal of the national strategy is to maintain domestic peace. The main part of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part is a brief introduction to the military changes in the Eastern Mediterranean world from the 4th to the 7th century and the historical environment of the Justinian era. In the last part, the influence of military strategy on the times is analyzed.
The first chapter mainly discusses the historical changes of the Eastern Mediterranean in the 4th to 7th centuries and the military changes based on them, as well as the appearance of the Justinian Age. The 4th to 7th centuries were a period of great changes from the classical era to the Mediterranean era. The Byzantine Empire acquired its own characteristics in this period of change and established various systems. In the early history of the Byzantine Empire, survival became the first necessity, so military change became the essence of the Great Change. From the 4th to 7th centuries, the Eastern Mediterranean world underwent military changes by Diocletian, Constantine, Justinian, Morris, and Chiracello. These changes led to the earlier use of heavily armed infantry. The core of the Roman Legion evolved into a Byzantine army with cavalry as its backbone. The Justinian Age was a connecting link between the past and the future. The achievements of the military revolution and the perfection of other systems in the Justinian Age made it the first golden age of the Byzantine Empire. The strategy of Byzantine Empire and the position of military strategy in national strategy.
The second chapter analyzes the emergence and application of the defense strategy in depth.The defense strategy in depth is a basic military strategy initiated by Constantine the Great and used by the Byzantine Empire for later generations.The war between the Byzantine Empire and Persia is the example of the defense strategy in depth in the Justinian era. War is a struggle for hegemony between the two great empires with relatively balanced forces. The Byzantine Empire used a defensive strategy in depth to safeguard the security of the country and achieve the goal of the national strategy.
Chapter Three discusses the adjustment of the order of the national strategic objectives and the priority of reunification over peace. Under this background, Justinian launched a military expedition to recover lost territory. The offensive and defensive strategy became an effective means of the expedition. The two battlefields reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the offensive defense strategy.
The fourth chapter analyzes the background of the formation of the defensive deterrent strategy and its development trend.The defensive deterrent strategy replaced the offensive defensive strategy is the inevitable choice of the Byzantine Empire.The defensive deterrent strategy appeared in the early days of Justinian and matured in the days of Morris.The defensive deterrent strategy was mainly used in the times of Justinian. For the three Rome siege war between the The Danube defense line and the Gothic war.
The relationship between military strategy and national strategy is an interactive reaction. Military strategy is subordinate to national strategy, and at the same time affects the effect of the use of national strategy. The three military strategies were determined by the situation in the Mediterranean world at that time, which in turn affected the historical development of the Mediterranean world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K134
【共引文獻(xiàn)】
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