論《法德友好合作條約》的性質(zhì)
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-02 20:01
【摘要】：論《法德友好合作條約》的性質(zhì) 《法德友好合作條約》是法德兩國于1963年簽訂的標(biāo)志著法德雙邊政治同盟形成的條約。該條約是由組織、計劃和最后條款三部分組成,組織部分主要確立了兩國首腦和部長們定期會晤的制度,計劃部分主要涉及到兩國在外交、防務(wù)、教育和青年工作領(lǐng)域的具體合作方案,最后條款部分則對條約的一些重要事項(xiàng)作出補(bǔ)充說明。這三部分內(nèi)容,使得依此而來的條約具備了這樣的性質(zhì):法德兩國在國家議會表決通過的形式下,結(jié)成緊密的政治聯(lián)盟關(guān)系。與此同時,由于條約的這種性質(zhì),使得該條約成為法德關(guān)系史上的里程碑,以及兩國關(guān)系步入高潮的證明。 “法德合作條約”的簽訂,讓許多人大跌眼鏡,因?yàn)槿藗兞?xí)慣了兩國世代對抗的相處模式。脫胎于查理曼帝國的“孿生兄弟”——法國和德國,憑借其綜合國力構(gòu)成中的軟硬實(shí)力系數(shù),一直充當(dāng)著歐洲秩序體系的基本載體。作為歐洲大陸的兩個支柱國家,它們從“分娩”那刻起就裹挾著不容忽視的對抗性。當(dāng)歐洲的運(yùn)行軌跡走完“相對穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展”的基督教共和制的秩序體系,步入充斥著競爭性與矛盾性的斗爭平衡的均勢格局體系后,法德兩國的關(guān)系也終由一般對抗上升為幾世宿敵。從此“戰(zhàn)爭,復(fù)仇,再戰(zhàn)爭,再復(fù)仇”的惡性循環(huán),將法德兩國緊緊包裹。但1963年法德同盟作為一個不爭的事實(shí)出現(xiàn)在人們面前時,探究法德由“宿敵”走向盟友的歷史根基或條件就成為一個有價值的選題。而在兩國關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)變過程中,“孿生兄弟”的心理傳統(tǒng)、文化交流以及經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系成為這一歷史根基的主要組成部分。 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后,隨著歐洲時代的終結(jié),美蘇兩個超級大國不可抑制地崛起,致使國際關(guān)系格局發(fā)生了深刻的變化。鑒于此,法國傳統(tǒng)的對德“肢解”政策之于新的國際格局不僅不合時宜而且格格不入。在這樣的國際背景下,基于對自身安全以及歐洲利益的考慮,圍繞著與德國之間關(guān)于魯爾煤鋼,重新武裝以及薩爾地區(qū)歸屬的問題,法蘭西第四共和國以“舒曼計劃”為起點(diǎn),逐漸改變了對德傳統(tǒng)政策,在歐洲聯(lián)合的框架下,法德這兩個“世仇宿敵”終于走上了和解的道路。 “戴高樂主義”是法國在戰(zhàn)后形成的處理國際關(guān)系問題的,囊括了戴高樂對外政策基本精神與原則的一套理論體系和行動綱要。其核心就是實(shí)現(xiàn)法國的“偉大”。為此,戴高樂制訂了一整套的世界戰(zhàn)略和歐洲戰(zhàn)略,這其中的歐洲戰(zhàn)略是為他世界戰(zhàn)略服務(wù)的。在其歐洲戰(zhàn)略高屋建瓴的指引下,特別是在戴氏建立歐洲政治聯(lián)盟的計劃泡湯后,與德國結(jié)盟便成為實(shí)現(xiàn)他歐洲戰(zhàn)略至關(guān)重要的環(huán)節(jié)。于是,在國際冷戰(zhàn)緩和的大背景下,在阿登納“一邊倒”的冷戰(zhàn)思維開始受到國際環(huán)境質(zhì)疑時,法德雙方從各自利益出發(fā),不斷地提高利益契合度,終于在1963年實(shí)現(xiàn)了歷史性的,全面的,更高層次的和解與合作——結(jié)盟,法德關(guān)系進(jìn)入到一個前所未有的深水區(qū)中。 “法德合作條約”的性質(zhì)直接造就了一個共同體內(nèi)部的“法德軸心”的事實(shí),這種脫離六國合作機(jī)制和北大西洋公約組織的另類行徑,遭到了大西洋派的一致反對與譴責(zé):美國聲討,意、荷、比、盧排斥,西德內(nèi)部的反對派甚至給條約加上了一個完全違背條約初衷的前言。在內(nèi)外壓力的作用下,70年代中期以前的法德同盟并沒有發(fā)揮其作為歐共體領(lǐng)軍者或軸心的“領(lǐng)航效能”,相反,因?yàn)榉ǖ峦说氖Ш?共同體付出了較大的發(fā)展代價。這種形勢終于使共同體認(rèn)識到法德同盟對歐洲一體化進(jìn)程的重要性。在歐共體成員國轉(zhuǎn)變了對法德同盟的認(rèn)識態(tài)度,開始接受這一同盟后,法德兩國迎來了新的蜜月期,“法德合作條約”才得以名副其實(shí)。法德兩國既對話又合作,真正起到了推動西歐聯(lián)合與發(fā)展的軸心作用。
[Abstract]:On the nature of the Treaty of friendship and cooperation between France and Germany
The Treaty of friendship and cooperation between France and Germany is a treaty signed by France and Germany in 1963 marking the formation of a bilateral political alliance of France and Germany. The treaty is composed of three parts of the organization, plan and final clause. The organization has mainly established the system of regular meetings between the heads of the two countries and ministers. The plan is mainly concerned with the diplomatic, defense and education of the two countries. Specific cooperation programmes in the field of youth work, and the final clause supplemented by some important matters in the treaty. The three parts of the treaty make the Treaty of the same way: the French and German states have a tight political alliance in the form of a vote adopted by the national parliament. At the same time, the treaty is due to the treaty. This nature makes the treaty a milestone in the history of Franco German relations and the proof that the relationship between the two countries has entered a climax.
The signing of the "Treaty of France German cooperation" has made many people fall into the eye, because people are used to the mode of getting along with each other for generations. The "twin brothers" born out of the Charleyman Empire, France and Germany, have been the basic carrier of European order system by virtue of the soft and hard power factor of its comprehensive national strength. The two pillar countries of the land, from the moment of "childbirth", are bound to not be ignored. When Europe runs through the "relatively stable and developing" Christian Republic order system and into the equilibrium system of competitive and contradictory struggles, the relations between France and Germany end in general. Since the vicious circle of "war, revenge, war, and then revenge", the vicious circle of "war, revenge, and then re vengeance" has wrapped France and Germany tightly. But when the French German Alliance appeared in front of people as an undisputable fact in 1963, it became a valuable topic to explore the historical foundation or conditions of the "old enemy" to its allies. In two The psychological tradition, cultural exchanges and economic ties of the twin brothers became the main components of this historical foundation in the course of the transformation of relations between the two countries.
After the Second World War, with the end of the European era and the unrestrainable rise of the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union, the pattern of international relations has undergone profound changes. In view of this, the new international pattern of "dismemberment" of France is not only untimely and incompatible with the new international pattern. In this international context, it is based on the With regard to its own security and European interests, the Fourth Republic of France, starting from the "Schuhmann plan", gradually changed the traditional German policy on the issue of rearmament, rearmament and the ascription of the Saar region between Germany and Germany. In the framework of the European Union, the two "enemy enemies" of France and Germany finally came to the end. The way to solve it.
"De Gaulle doctrine", which was formed by France in the postwar process of dealing with international relations, encompassed a set of theoretical systems and action outlines of the basic spirit and principles of De Gaulle's foreign policy. The core of which was to achieve the "greatness" of France. For this, De Gaulle formulated a whole set of world strategies and European strategies, including the European strategy. Under the guidance of his European strategy, especially after Dashi's plan to establish a European political alliance, the alliance with Germany became a crucial link to the realization of his European strategy, and in the context of the international cold war, Adenauer's "one-sided" cold war thought began to take place. When the international environment was questioned, the French and German, starting from their respective interests, constantly improved their interests, finally achieved a historic, comprehensive, and higher level of reconciliation and cooperation in 1963, and the relationship between France and Germany entered an unprecedented deepwater area.
The nature of the Treaty of cooperation of France and Germany directly created the fact of the "axis of France" within the community, which was unanimously opposed and condemned by the the Atlantic faction, which was separated from the cooperation mechanism of the six countries and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization: the American denunciation, the meaning, the Dutch, the ratio, the exclusion of Lu, the opposition within the West Germany, and even the treaty added to the treaty. Under the effect of internal and external pressure, the French German Alliance before the mid 70s did not play its "pilot efficiency" as the leader of the European community or the axis of the European community. On the contrary, the community had paid the greater cost of development because of the loss of the French German Alliance. This situation finally made the community recognizes France and Germany. The importance of the alliance in the process of European integration. In the member states of the European community, a new honeymoon period was ushered in France Germany. The French German Treaty of cooperation was able to be recognized. The French German dialogue and cooperation between France and Germany played a real role in promoting the Union and development of Western Europe. Effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K565.5
本文編號：2160566
[Abstract]:On the nature of the Treaty of friendship and cooperation between France and Germany
The Treaty of friendship and cooperation between France and Germany is a treaty signed by France and Germany in 1963 marking the formation of a bilateral political alliance of France and Germany. The treaty is composed of three parts of the organization, plan and final clause. The organization has mainly established the system of regular meetings between the heads of the two countries and ministers. The plan is mainly concerned with the diplomatic, defense and education of the two countries. Specific cooperation programmes in the field of youth work, and the final clause supplemented by some important matters in the treaty. The three parts of the treaty make the Treaty of the same way: the French and German states have a tight political alliance in the form of a vote adopted by the national parliament. At the same time, the treaty is due to the treaty. This nature makes the treaty a milestone in the history of Franco German relations and the proof that the relationship between the two countries has entered a climax.
The signing of the "Treaty of France German cooperation" has made many people fall into the eye, because people are used to the mode of getting along with each other for generations. The "twin brothers" born out of the Charleyman Empire, France and Germany, have been the basic carrier of European order system by virtue of the soft and hard power factor of its comprehensive national strength. The two pillar countries of the land, from the moment of "childbirth", are bound to not be ignored. When Europe runs through the "relatively stable and developing" Christian Republic order system and into the equilibrium system of competitive and contradictory struggles, the relations between France and Germany end in general. Since the vicious circle of "war, revenge, war, and then revenge", the vicious circle of "war, revenge, and then re vengeance" has wrapped France and Germany tightly. But when the French German Alliance appeared in front of people as an undisputable fact in 1963, it became a valuable topic to explore the historical foundation or conditions of the "old enemy" to its allies. In two The psychological tradition, cultural exchanges and economic ties of the twin brothers became the main components of this historical foundation in the course of the transformation of relations between the two countries.
After the Second World War, with the end of the European era and the unrestrainable rise of the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union, the pattern of international relations has undergone profound changes. In view of this, the new international pattern of "dismemberment" of France is not only untimely and incompatible with the new international pattern. In this international context, it is based on the With regard to its own security and European interests, the Fourth Republic of France, starting from the "Schuhmann plan", gradually changed the traditional German policy on the issue of rearmament, rearmament and the ascription of the Saar region between Germany and Germany. In the framework of the European Union, the two "enemy enemies" of France and Germany finally came to the end. The way to solve it.
"De Gaulle doctrine", which was formed by France in the postwar process of dealing with international relations, encompassed a set of theoretical systems and action outlines of the basic spirit and principles of De Gaulle's foreign policy. The core of which was to achieve the "greatness" of France. For this, De Gaulle formulated a whole set of world strategies and European strategies, including the European strategy. Under the guidance of his European strategy, especially after Dashi's plan to establish a European political alliance, the alliance with Germany became a crucial link to the realization of his European strategy, and in the context of the international cold war, Adenauer's "one-sided" cold war thought began to take place. When the international environment was questioned, the French and German, starting from their respective interests, constantly improved their interests, finally achieved a historic, comprehensive, and higher level of reconciliation and cooperation in 1963, and the relationship between France and Germany entered an unprecedented deepwater area.
The nature of the Treaty of cooperation of France and Germany directly created the fact of the "axis of France" within the community, which was unanimously opposed and condemned by the the Atlantic faction, which was separated from the cooperation mechanism of the six countries and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization: the American denunciation, the meaning, the Dutch, the ratio, the exclusion of Lu, the opposition within the West Germany, and even the treaty added to the treaty. Under the effect of internal and external pressure, the French German Alliance before the mid 70s did not play its "pilot efficiency" as the leader of the European community or the axis of the European community. On the contrary, the community had paid the greater cost of development because of the loss of the French German Alliance. This situation finally made the community recognizes France and Germany. The importance of the alliance in the process of European integration. In the member states of the European community, a new honeymoon period was ushered in France Germany. The French German Treaty of cooperation was able to be recognized. The French German dialogue and cooperation between France and Germany played a real role in promoting the Union and development of Western Europe. Effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K565.5
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