【摘要】：19世紀(jì)二三十年代是蘇聯(lián)歷史上極其關(guān)鍵的轉(zhuǎn)折時期。作為世界上第一個社會主義國家，蘇聯(lián)雖然完成了十月革命，但仍時刻面臨帝國主義侵略、顛覆的危險，政治孤立、經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖、軍事包圍。無論在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)或是其他方面，蘇聯(lián)都與其他資本主義國家差距明顯。偉大的革命導(dǎo)師列寧從蘇俄當(dāng)時的國情出發(fā)，，制定了在“經(jīng)濟(jì)上極力利用、加緊利用和迅速利用資本主義的西方”的戰(zhàn)略方針。列寧逝世后，斯大林作為最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，吸收借鑒西方資本主義的先進(jìn)成果，如引進(jìn)外資、機(jī)器設(shè)備和科學(xué)技術(shù)，學(xué)習(xí)西方先進(jìn)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，曾使蘇聯(lián)社會主義工業(yè)化的發(fā)展速度達(dá)到了歷史上空前未有的水平，大大促進(jìn)了蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)力量和綜合國力的增長，對蘇聯(lián)迅速發(fā)展為社會主義強(qiáng)國具有重要的意義。 在寫作過程中，本文主要從三個部分進(jìn)行了具體論述： 第一部分對工業(yè)化的內(nèi)涵和主要方式進(jìn)行了說明。工業(yè)化是指在一定的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)制度下，隨著社會生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，手工勞動逐漸被大機(jī)器生產(chǎn)操作所取代，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)由農(nóng)業(yè)國向工業(yè)國的轉(zhuǎn)變。工業(yè)化的發(fā)展道路一般可以分為蘇聯(lián)式、美國式、德國和日本式，三種工業(yè)化道路在發(fā)起力量，發(fā)展方式上各有不同。第二部分主要論述了工業(yè)化時期蘇聯(lián)向西方學(xué)習(xí)的成因，主要從向西方學(xué)習(xí)的背景和條件加以具體論述。一方面從蘇聯(lián)嚴(yán)峻的國內(nèi)國外形勢下所呈現(xiàn)的與西方資本主義國家的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事的明顯差距入手，揭示蘇聯(lián)向西方學(xué)習(xí)的必然性和必要性。另一方面，也從經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的有利國際條件和蘇聯(lián)自身的優(yōu)勢論述了向西方學(xué)習(xí)的條件，側(cè)面論證了在當(dāng)時形勢下，斯大林工業(yè)化方針實(shí)施的適時性。第三部分主要論述了工業(yè)化時期蘇聯(lián)向西方學(xué)習(xí)的表現(xiàn)。以向西方先進(jìn)技術(shù)、外國資金及先進(jìn)設(shè)備、先進(jìn)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)的學(xué)習(xí)為重點(diǎn)，對工業(yè)化時期蘇聯(lián)向西方的學(xué)習(xí)加以全面論述。第四部分對蘇聯(lián)工業(yè)化過程中向西方學(xué)習(xí)借鑒的影響和局限性加以總結(jié)歸納，從經(jīng)濟(jì)、國防實(shí)力分析其產(chǎn)生的實(shí)際效果，并從科技貢獻(xiàn)率、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)分配程度、管理成果等方面論述了其局限性。第五部分作為文章的結(jié)束部分，綜合運(yùn)用國家政治學(xué)和馬克思主義理論辯證的看待蘇聯(lián)在工業(yè)化時期向西方學(xué)習(xí)的這一舉措。揭示在國家利益之下，兩種制度的國家在社會經(jīng)濟(jì)政策上的相互影響和相互借鑒的規(guī)律，并深刻反思了蘇聯(lián)工業(yè)化時期向西方學(xué)習(xí)對我國的啟示。
[Abstract]:The 1920s and 1930s were a crucial turning point in the history of the Soviet Union. As the first socialist country in the world, although the Soviet Union completed the October Revolution, it still faced the danger of imperialist aggression, subversion, political isolation, economic blockade and military siege. Politically, economically and otherwise, the Soviet Union is far from the rest of the capitalist world. Lenin, the great revolutionary mentor, set out the strategic policy of "making full use of the economy, intensifying and rapidly utilizing capitalism in the West" from the conditions of Soviet Russia at that time. After Lenin's death, Stalin, as the supreme leader, absorbed the advanced achievements of Western capitalism, such as the introduction of foreign capital, machinery and equipment, science and technology, and learned from the advanced management experience of the West. The speed of the Soviet Union's socialist industrialization has reached an unprecedented level in history, which has greatly promoted the growth of the Soviet Union's economic strength and comprehensive national strength, and is of great significance to the rapid development of the Soviet Union into a socialist power. In the process of writing, this paper mainly discusses from three parts: the first part explains the connotation and main ways of industrialization. Industrialization means that under a certain social and economic system, with the development of social productive forces, manual labor is gradually replaced by the operation of large machines, and then the transition from agricultural country to industrial country is realized. The road of industrialization can be divided into Soviet style, American style, German style and Japanese type. The second part mainly discusses the causes of Soviet learning from the West in the industrialization period, mainly from the background and conditions of learning from the West. On the one hand, from the obvious gap of politics, economy and military between Soviet Union and western capitalist countries under the severe domestic and foreign situation, it reveals the inevitability and necessity of Soviet learning from the west. On the other hand, it also discusses the conditions of learning from the West from the favorable international conditions of economic crisis and the advantages of the Soviet Union itself, and demonstrates the timeliness of the implementation of Stalin's industrialization policy under the circumstances at that time. The third part mainly discusses the Soviet Union's performance of learning from the West during the industrialization period. Focusing on the study of advanced western technology, foreign capital, advanced equipment and advanced management experience, the study of Soviet Union to the West during the industrialization period was comprehensively discussed. The fourth part summarizes the influence and limitation of learning from the west in the process of Soviet industrialization, analyzes the actual effect from the economic and national defense strength, and analyzes the contribution rate of science and technology, the degree of industrial structure distribution. Management results and other aspects discussed its limitations. The fifth part, as the end of the article, synthetically uses the national politics and the Marxist theory dialectically to look at the Soviet Union's learning from the West in the industrialization period. This paper reveals the mutual influence of the two systems on the social and economic policies and the law of mutual reference under the national interests, and deeply reflects on the enlightenment of the Soviet Union's learning from the West during the industrialization period of the Soviet Union.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K512.5

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