韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展（1945-1980）中的美國(guó)因素探析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-20 21:22
【摘要】： 在戰(zhàn)后短短30多年的時(shí)間內(nèi)，韓國(guó)由一個(gè)世界上最貧窮的國(guó)家，一躍而成為一個(gè)新興工業(yè)化國(guó)家，創(chuàng)造了舉世矚目的“漢江奇跡”。韓國(guó)之所以能在如此短的時(shí)間里取得如此輝煌的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就，是多種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果，其中作為主要外部因素之一的美國(guó)因素發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵性的作用。 本文以唯物史觀(guān)為指導(dǎo)，在借鑒前人相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，從歷史學(xué)實(shí)證研究的角度對(duì)1945-1980年間韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過(guò)程中最重要的外部因素-美國(guó)因素進(jìn)行了深入系統(tǒng)地探討，并在此基礎(chǔ)上揭示出了美國(guó)對(duì)戰(zhàn)后韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛的深遠(yuǎn)影響。文章按照時(shí)間順序，分別就美國(guó)軍政時(shí)期、李承晚政府時(shí)期、樸正熙政府時(shí)期，美國(guó)對(duì)韓政策的主要內(nèi)容及對(duì)韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響等問(wèn)題，分階段進(jìn)行了闡述。 在美國(guó)軍政府時(shí)期(1945-1948年)，美國(guó)軍政當(dāng)局為把韓國(guó)改造成亞洲“民主的櫥窗”和足夠強(qiáng)大的資本主義國(guó)家，通過(guò)處理日本殖民遺產(chǎn)—“歸屬財(cái)產(chǎn)”，促進(jìn)了韓國(guó)的資本原始積累；通過(guò)“歸屬農(nóng)地”改革，在韓國(guó)確立了現(xiàn)代小農(nóng)制發(fā)展的萌芽。從而，在韓國(guó)最終確立了以私有制為基礎(chǔ)的資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的發(fā)展方向。 在李承晚政府時(shí)期(1948—1960年)，美國(guó)向韓國(guó)無(wú)償?shù)靥峁┝司揞~的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事援助。其經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，在幫助韓國(guó)克服因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難、支援韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)和重建、推動(dòng)韓國(guó)實(shí)施“進(jìn)口替代型”經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略以及促進(jìn)韓國(guó)財(cái)閥的形成，發(fā)揮了極其重要的作用，為60年代韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的起飛奠定了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)；其軍事援助，幫助韓國(guó)建立并維持了一支規(guī)模龐大的軍隊(duì)，這既為韓國(guó)提供了安全保障，又促進(jìn)了韓國(guó)軍人權(quán)威政權(quán)的形成，為60年代韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的起飛培養(yǎng)了一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集團(tuán)。 在樸正熙政府時(shí)期(1961—1979年)，韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)始起飛并出現(xiàn)高速發(fā)展。盡管這一時(shí)期韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿υ谟趪?guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的變化和調(diào)整，但美國(guó)的作用仍然不能忽視。首先，美國(guó)促成了韓日邦交正�；鬼n國(guó)贏得了日本的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，還擴(kuò)大引進(jìn)外資的渠道和范圍；其次，韓國(guó)出兵參加越戰(zhàn)，獲得了大量的美國(guó)軍事援助和軍事訂貨，開(kāi)拓了國(guó)際市場(chǎng)，成為這一時(shí)期韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的“增長(zhǎng)劑”；再次，美國(guó)及其盟友提供的資本、技術(shù)、市場(chǎng)等，，掃除了韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的外部障礙，促成了韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的崛起。 結(jié)語(yǔ)指出：美國(guó)扶植韓國(guó)的根本目的，是為了其冷戰(zhàn)遏制戰(zhàn)略服務(wù)的；戰(zhàn)后韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的崛起，是內(nèi)因和外因綜合作用的結(jié)果，離開(kāi)了韓國(guó)的內(nèi)部因素，美國(guó)因素是無(wú)法單獨(dú)發(fā)揮作用的；韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)崛起的歷程，也為眾多發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供了重要啟示。
[Abstract]:In a short period of more than 30 years after the war, South Korea has become a newly industrialized country from one of the poorest countries in the world, and has created the "Hanjiang Miracle" that attracts worldwide attention. South Korea's economic success in such a short period of time is the result of a combination of factors, including the United States as one of the main external factors played a key role. Under the guidance of historical materialism and on the basis of previous relevant research results, this paper makes a deep and systematic study of the most important external factor in the process of Korean economic development from 1945 to 1980, which is the American factor, from the perspective of historical empirical research. On this basis, it reveals the profound influence of the United States on the postwar Korean economy. According to the order of time, this paper expounds the main contents of American policy toward Korea and its influence on the economic development of Korea in the period of American military administration, the period of Li Seung-Man government, the period of Park Zhengxi administration, and so on. During the period of American military junta (1945-1948), American military and political authorities promoted the primitive accumulation of Korean capital in order to transform Korea into a "window of democracy" in Asia and a capitalist country strong enough to deal with the colonial heritage of Japan-"ascription property". Through the reform of the ownership of agricultural land, the sprout of modern smallholder system was established in South Korea. Thus, the development direction of capitalist economic system based on private ownership was finally established in Korea. During the Li Seung-Man government (1948-1960), the United States provided huge amounts of economic and military aid to South Korea free of charge. Its economic assistance is to help South Korea overcome the economic difficulties caused by the war, to support the recovery and reconstruction of the Korean economy, to promote South Korea's implementation of the "import substitution" economic development strategy, and to promote the formation of Korean chaebol. Played an extremely important role in laying the material foundation for the Korean economy to take off in the 1960s; its military assistance helped South Korea build and maintain a large army, which provided security for South Korea. It also promoted the formation of the Korean military authoritative regime and cultivated a strong leadership group for the economic takeoff in the 1960s. During Park Chung-hee 's administration (1961-1979), the Korean economy began to take off and developed at a high speed. Although the main driving force of South Korea's economic development in this period lies in the changes and adjustments of domestic economic policies, the role of the United States cannot be ignored. First, the United States facilitated the normalization of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Japan, so that South Korea won Japan's economic assistance and expanded the channels and scope for introducing foreign capital. Secondly, South Korea sent troops to participate in the Vietnam War and obtained a large amount of US military assistance and military orders. Moreover, the capital, technology and market provided by the United States and its allies have removed the external obstacles to the economic development of South Korea and contributed to the rise of the Korean economy. The conclusion points out that the fundamental purpose of the United States in fostering South Korea is to serve its Cold War containment strategy. The rise of the Korean economy after the war was the result of a combination of internal and external factors and left the internal factors of South Korea. The American factor cannot play a role alone; the process of South Korea's economic rise also provides important inspiration for many developing countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K312.6
本文編號(hào)：2134819
[Abstract]:In a short period of more than 30 years after the war, South Korea has become a newly industrialized country from one of the poorest countries in the world, and has created the "Hanjiang Miracle" that attracts worldwide attention. South Korea's economic success in such a short period of time is the result of a combination of factors, including the United States as one of the main external factors played a key role. Under the guidance of historical materialism and on the basis of previous relevant research results, this paper makes a deep and systematic study of the most important external factor in the process of Korean economic development from 1945 to 1980, which is the American factor, from the perspective of historical empirical research. On this basis, it reveals the profound influence of the United States on the postwar Korean economy. According to the order of time, this paper expounds the main contents of American policy toward Korea and its influence on the economic development of Korea in the period of American military administration, the period of Li Seung-Man government, the period of Park Zhengxi administration, and so on. During the period of American military junta (1945-1948), American military and political authorities promoted the primitive accumulation of Korean capital in order to transform Korea into a "window of democracy" in Asia and a capitalist country strong enough to deal with the colonial heritage of Japan-"ascription property". Through the reform of the ownership of agricultural land, the sprout of modern smallholder system was established in South Korea. Thus, the development direction of capitalist economic system based on private ownership was finally established in Korea. During the Li Seung-Man government (1948-1960), the United States provided huge amounts of economic and military aid to South Korea free of charge. Its economic assistance is to help South Korea overcome the economic difficulties caused by the war, to support the recovery and reconstruction of the Korean economy, to promote South Korea's implementation of the "import substitution" economic development strategy, and to promote the formation of Korean chaebol. Played an extremely important role in laying the material foundation for the Korean economy to take off in the 1960s; its military assistance helped South Korea build and maintain a large army, which provided security for South Korea. It also promoted the formation of the Korean military authoritative regime and cultivated a strong leadership group for the economic takeoff in the 1960s. During Park Chung-hee 's administration (1961-1979), the Korean economy began to take off and developed at a high speed. Although the main driving force of South Korea's economic development in this period lies in the changes and adjustments of domestic economic policies, the role of the United States cannot be ignored. First, the United States facilitated the normalization of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Japan, so that South Korea won Japan's economic assistance and expanded the channels and scope for introducing foreign capital. Secondly, South Korea sent troops to participate in the Vietnam War and obtained a large amount of US military assistance and military orders. Moreover, the capital, technology and market provided by the United States and its allies have removed the external obstacles to the economic development of South Korea and contributed to the rise of the Korean economy. The conclusion points out that the fundamental purpose of the United States in fostering South Korea is to serve its Cold War containment strategy. The rise of the Korean economy after the war was the result of a combination of internal and external factors and left the internal factors of South Korea. The American factor cannot play a role alone; the process of South Korea's economic rise also provides important inspiration for many developing countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K312.6
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 李敦球;韓美關(guān)系與韓國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)[J];當(dāng)代韓國(guó);1996年04期
本文編號(hào)：2134819
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