試論羅馬帝國(guó)前期的皇權(quán)思想
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-20 16:12
【摘要】： 在世界歷史上,羅馬的迅速崛起與擴(kuò)張令人注目。這個(gè)臺(tái)伯河畔的小邦,從一個(gè)占地不足50平方英里的年輕共和國(guó)不斷向外開(kāi)拓,到公元前3世紀(jì)中葉發(fā)展成為號(hào)令意大利半島的霸主。公元前2世紀(jì)到公元前1世紀(jì),羅馬通過(guò)一系列的對(duì)外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),更是由一個(gè)地區(qū)性國(guó)家變?yōu)橐粋�(gè)橫跨歐、亞、非三洲的帝國(guó)。羅馬人迅猛地征服了地中海地區(qū),面對(duì)這樣一個(gè)龐大復(fù)雜且深具多樣性的帝國(guó),統(tǒng)治者們并非簡(jiǎn)單的使用武力統(tǒng)治,而是建立起一個(gè)成熟的皇權(quán)專(zhuān)制體制,圍繞其皇權(quán)思想制定一系列的內(nèi)外政策和發(fā)展一整套官僚體系。 羅馬帝國(guó)前期的皇權(quán)思想實(shí)質(zhì)是一種溫和保守的專(zhuān)制主義,披著維護(hù)共和傳統(tǒng)的外衣,以元首制的形式掩蓋了皇帝的軍事獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治,皇帝享有崇高的威望,他凌駕于元老院和其他官職之上,成為羅馬世界的最高主宰。但是羅馬帝國(guó)前期的皇權(quán)專(zhuān)制體制并非完全的中央集權(quán),因此當(dāng)時(shí)的皇權(quán)思想重點(diǎn)在于淡化人們對(duì)皇帝的抵觸,逐步樹(shù)立皇帝的權(quán)威�；实郾凰茉斐少t良的明君,被民眾賦與了無(wú)限的權(quán)利,并渲染成神靈作為宗教崇拜的對(duì)象。文學(xué)、建筑、雕刻等多種藝術(shù)形式以及宗教信仰、社會(huì)生活等等途徑成為宣傳的媒介,成功地將皇權(quán)思想運(yùn)用到新的政治環(huán)境中,促進(jìn)了強(qiáng)力穩(wěn)定的政治局面的形成,加速了羅馬化進(jìn)程,從而帶動(dòng)整個(gè)帝國(guó)的發(fā)展。公元1至2世紀(jì),是羅馬帝國(guó)的強(qiáng)盛時(shí)期,在奧古斯都治下,帝國(guó)全境造成了一個(gè)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的政治局面,開(kāi)創(chuàng)了延續(xù)百余年的所謂“羅馬和平”時(shí)期。在當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和政治相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)上,帝國(guó)前期羅馬文化吸收了許多民族的文化成果,進(jìn)入了興盛時(shí)代,最終促使形成了希臘化-羅馬文化。羅馬在當(dāng)時(shí)也日漸成為地中海地區(qū)的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化中心城市。羅馬文明中的共和制度、法律制度和基督教文明不僅奠定了西方文明發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),而且也確立了西方文明發(fā)展的方向。 全文共分為三個(gè)部分: 第一部分是引言:主要介紹羅馬從城邦到帝國(guó)的發(fā)展過(guò)程,以及當(dāng)前有關(guān)羅馬帝國(guó)前期皇權(quán)思想的研究概況和本文的研究目的。 第二部分是正文部分。分為三個(gè)方面:一為皇權(quán)思想的內(nèi)涵和背景,明確皇權(quán)思想的含義以及所產(chǎn)生的歷史環(huán)境。二為皇權(quán)思想的初步發(fā)展,該部分從奧古斯都的政制、皇帝崇拜、皇權(quán)的世襲以及專(zhuān)制的成長(zhǎng)四個(gè)層面闡述皇權(quán)思想的初步發(fā)展。三為皇權(quán)思想的運(yùn)用和表現(xiàn),該部分由五個(gè)小部分組成,分別從正統(tǒng)文化、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)形式、宗教信仰和社會(huì)生活方面介紹皇權(quán)思想的運(yùn)用和表現(xiàn)。 第三部分為結(jié)語(yǔ)。簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)了羅馬帝國(guó)前期的皇權(quán)思想,以及其對(duì)羅馬帝國(guó)長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定局面形成的作用。
[Abstract]:In the history of the world, the rapid rise and expansion of Rome was remarkable. This small state on the Taber River, from a young republic covering less than 50 square miles, continued to expand outward to the middle of the third century B.C. to dominate the Italian peninsula. From the second century BC to the first century BC, Rome, through a series of foreign wars, was transformed from a regional country into an empire spanning Europe, Asia and Africa. The Romans conquered the Mediterranean rapidly, and in the face of a vast, complex and diverse empire, the rulers did not simply use force to rule, but established a mature system of imperial autocracy. Make a series of internal and external policies and develop a set of bureaucrats around his imperial power thought. The thought of imperial power in the early Roman Empire was in essence a kind of moderate and conservative autocracy, dressed in the cloak of maintaining the Republican tradition, and covered up the military dictatorship of the emperor in the form of a head of state, and the emperor enjoyed high prestige. Above the Senate and other official positions, he became the supreme ruler of the Roman world. But the imperial autocratic system in the early Roman Empire was not completely centralized, so the thought of imperial power at that time focused on desalinating people's resistance to emperors and gradually establishing the authority of emperors. The emperor was shaped as a virtuous emperor, given unlimited rights by the people, and rendered as a god as the object of religious worship. Literature, architecture, sculpture and other artistic forms, religious beliefs, social life and other channels become the media of propaganda, successfully applying the imperial power thought to the new political environment, and promoting the formation of a strong and stable political situation. The process of Romanization was accelerated, which led to the development of the whole empire. The 1st to 2nd century AD was the prosperous period of the Roman Empire. Under Augustus, the whole territory of the Empire created a relatively stable political situation and initiated the so-called "Rome Peace" period, which lasted for more than a hundred years. On the basis of the social and economic development and the relative stability of politics at that time, the Roman culture in the early imperial period absorbed the cultural achievements of many nationalities and entered into a prosperous era, which eventually led to the formation of Hellenization and Roman culture. Rome was also becoming the social, economic and cultural center of the Mediterranean. The Republican system, the legal system and the Christian civilization in the Roman civilization not only laid the foundation for the development of western civilization, but also established the direction of the development of western civilization. The paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction: it mainly introduces the development of Rome from the city-state to the empire, as well as the current situation of research on the imperial power in the early period of the Roman Empire and the purpose of this paper. The second part is the text part. It is divided into three aspects: first, the connotation and background of imperial power thought, the meaning of imperial power thought and its historical environment. The second is the initial development of the imperial power thought, which expounds the initial development of the imperial power thought from the four aspects of Augustus' political system, emperor worship, imperial power hereditary and autocratic growth. The third is the application and expression of imperial power thought, which is composed of five small parts, including orthodox culture, literature, art form, religious belief and social life. The third part is the conclusion. This paper briefly summarizes the thought of imperial power in the early period of Roman Empire and its role in the formation of long-term stability of the Roman Empire.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K126
本文編號(hào)：2134064
[Abstract]:In the history of the world, the rapid rise and expansion of Rome was remarkable. This small state on the Taber River, from a young republic covering less than 50 square miles, continued to expand outward to the middle of the third century B.C. to dominate the Italian peninsula. From the second century BC to the first century BC, Rome, through a series of foreign wars, was transformed from a regional country into an empire spanning Europe, Asia and Africa. The Romans conquered the Mediterranean rapidly, and in the face of a vast, complex and diverse empire, the rulers did not simply use force to rule, but established a mature system of imperial autocracy. Make a series of internal and external policies and develop a set of bureaucrats around his imperial power thought. The thought of imperial power in the early Roman Empire was in essence a kind of moderate and conservative autocracy, dressed in the cloak of maintaining the Republican tradition, and covered up the military dictatorship of the emperor in the form of a head of state, and the emperor enjoyed high prestige. Above the Senate and other official positions, he became the supreme ruler of the Roman world. But the imperial autocratic system in the early Roman Empire was not completely centralized, so the thought of imperial power at that time focused on desalinating people's resistance to emperors and gradually establishing the authority of emperors. The emperor was shaped as a virtuous emperor, given unlimited rights by the people, and rendered as a god as the object of religious worship. Literature, architecture, sculpture and other artistic forms, religious beliefs, social life and other channels become the media of propaganda, successfully applying the imperial power thought to the new political environment, and promoting the formation of a strong and stable political situation. The process of Romanization was accelerated, which led to the development of the whole empire. The 1st to 2nd century AD was the prosperous period of the Roman Empire. Under Augustus, the whole territory of the Empire created a relatively stable political situation and initiated the so-called "Rome Peace" period, which lasted for more than a hundred years. On the basis of the social and economic development and the relative stability of politics at that time, the Roman culture in the early imperial period absorbed the cultural achievements of many nationalities and entered into a prosperous era, which eventually led to the formation of Hellenization and Roman culture. Rome was also becoming the social, economic and cultural center of the Mediterranean. The Republican system, the legal system and the Christian civilization in the Roman civilization not only laid the foundation for the development of western civilization, but also established the direction of the development of western civilization. The paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction: it mainly introduces the development of Rome from the city-state to the empire, as well as the current situation of research on the imperial power in the early period of the Roman Empire and the purpose of this paper. The second part is the text part. It is divided into three aspects: first, the connotation and background of imperial power thought, the meaning of imperial power thought and its historical environment. The second is the initial development of the imperial power thought, which expounds the initial development of the imperial power thought from the four aspects of Augustus' political system, emperor worship, imperial power hereditary and autocratic growth. The third is the application and expression of imperial power thought, which is composed of five small parts, including orthodox culture, literature, art form, religious belief and social life. The third part is the conclusion. This paper briefly summarizes the thought of imperial power in the early period of Roman Empire and its role in the formation of long-term stability of the Roman Empire.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K126
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 陳觀(guān)林;羅馬錢(qián)幣的社會(huì)文化研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2010年
，本文編號(hào)：2134064
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