【摘要】：19世紀(jì)英國崛起,不論在政治經(jīng)濟(jì)還是文化上,英國都在世界范圍內(nèi)獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷,日不落大帝國的建立更是讓英國可以從世界汲取養(yǎng)分。在這樣的大的歷史背景下,本文注重的是19世紀(jì)英國農(nóng)場的發(fā)展,探討的是19世紀(jì)英國農(nóng)場的規(guī)模、效益以及二者之間的關(guān)系。 早在18世紀(jì)末期,英國的農(nóng)場發(fā)展就已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化,從以前的家庭農(nóng)場為主的小型農(nóng)場發(fā)展為以大型租地農(nóng)場的大農(nóng)業(yè)。所謂大農(nóng)場一般是指100英畝以上的租地農(nóng)場。大農(nóng)場的興起伴隨著農(nóng)業(yè)革命的腳步,二者相輔相成。農(nóng)業(yè)革命中的新耕作技術(shù),新排水技術(shù),新畜種,新的輪作制度都一一的在大農(nóng)場中實(shí)驗(yàn)或者在大農(nóng)場中廣泛施行。伴隨著農(nóng)業(yè)革命與大農(nóng)場的發(fā)展,隨之而來的是19世紀(jì)40年代的high farming時代。這是一個農(nóng)業(yè)高產(chǎn)高收益的時代,在這個時代,大農(nóng)場有著無與倫比的優(yōu)勢,農(nóng)業(yè)的繁榮通過大農(nóng)場得到了淋漓盡致的發(fā)揮。而大農(nóng)場也在英國的各種農(nóng)場中占主導(dǎo)地位,這種主導(dǎo)地位主要體現(xiàn)在占地面積以及數(shù)量的變化上。 大農(nóng)場在經(jīng)營上的規(guī)模化,使得其能充分利用資源,降低單位成本從而取得不錯的收益。農(nóng)場的規(guī)模和效益本身有一定的關(guān)系,就單位收益來看,有的大農(nóng)場甚至不如小農(nóng)場,但是從投入與產(chǎn)出比來看,大農(nóng)場還是有優(yōu)勢的。大農(nóng)場在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的條件下,能夠大規(guī)模的多元化的經(jīng)營,從不同的點(diǎn)取得農(nóng)業(yè)收益,這是很多小農(nóng)場所沒有的競爭優(yōu)勢,而且在大危機(jī)面前很多大農(nóng)場的抗壓能力是強(qiáng)于小農(nóng)場的。綜合各方面來看,大農(nóng)場是適應(yīng)當(dāng)時商品化社會化的生產(chǎn)方式的,是能夠產(chǎn)生規(guī)模效益的生產(chǎn)模式
[Abstract]:The rise of Britain in the 19th century, whether in politics, economy or culture, Britain is the world's dominant, and the establishment of a big empire let Britain draw nutrients from the world. In such a great historical background, this paper focuses on the development of British farms in the 19th century, and discusses the scale, benefits and the relationship between the farms in England in the 19th century. As early as the end of the 18th century, the development of farms in England had changed, from small farms dominated by family farms to large farms with large leases. The so-called big farm generally refers to 100 acres or more of the rental farm. The rise of large farms accompanied by the pace of the agricultural revolution, the two complement each other. New farming techniques, new drainage techniques, new animal breeds, and new crop rotation systems in the agricultural revolution have all been experimented with on large farms or widely practiced in large farms. Accompanied by the agricultural revolution and the development of large farms, followed by the 1840 s high farming era. This is an era of high yield and high yield, in which big farms have unparalleled advantages, and the prosperity of agriculture is brought into full play through big farms. Big farms also dominate all kinds of farms in Britain, mainly in terms of the size and quantity of land. The large-scale operation of large farms enables them to make full use of resources and reduce unit costs to achieve good returns. There is a certain relationship between the scale and benefit of the farm itself. In terms of unit income, some large farms are not even as good as small ones, but in terms of the ratio of input to output, large farms still have advantages. Under the conditions of market economy, large farms are able to diversify their operations on a large scale and obtain agricultural benefits from different points. This is a competitive advantage that many small farms do not have. And in the face of the crisis, many large farms are more resilient than small farms. In all aspects, large farms are suitable for the commercialization and socialization of production methods at that time, and are production models that can produce economies of scale.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K561;F356.1

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