第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中各主要參戰(zhàn)國避免兩線作戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略與得失
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-13 09:53
【摘要】： 縱觀第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史可以看出,兩線作戰(zhàn)是主要參戰(zhàn)國都遇到過的問題。如何避免兩線作戰(zhàn)成為關(guān)系到戰(zhàn)爭全局的重大戰(zhàn)略和策略問題。深入研究第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中的兩線作戰(zhàn)問題,對于研究反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利的原因和避免兩線作戰(zhàn)這一重大戰(zhàn)爭命題,是大有益處的。 為了避免兩線作戰(zhàn)問題的出現(xiàn),第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中的各主要參戰(zhàn)國從政治、外交等各方面做出了不懈的努力。但是由于作戰(zhàn)性質(zhì)和策略的不同,出現(xiàn)了不同的結(jié)果。德國為了避免兩線作戰(zhàn),一方面利用英法的綏靖政策,步步推進(jìn),各個擊破,另一方面又與蘇聯(lián)簽訂互不侵犯條約,在一段時間內(nèi)成功的避免了兩線作戰(zhàn)。但是后來在未擊敗英國的情況下,又迫不及待的發(fā)動了入侵蘇聯(lián)的戰(zhàn)爭,最終陷入了兩線作戰(zhàn)的泥潭。日本由于深陷中國戰(zhàn)場不能自拔,實(shí)際上面臨三線作戰(zhàn)的困境。為擺脫這種困境,日本最終確立了“北守南進(jìn)”的政策,根據(jù)形勢的發(fā)展,調(diào)整日蘇關(guān)系,以穩(wěn)住蘇聯(lián)。但是由于中國人民的奮起抵抗,日本在發(fā)動了太平洋戰(zhàn)爭后,還是陷入了中國戰(zhàn)場與太平洋戰(zhàn)場的兩線夾擊中。在蘇德戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后,日本又遭到蘇聯(lián)宣戰(zhàn)的沉重打擊。蘇聯(lián)在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中成功地避免了兩線作戰(zhàn)問題。大戰(zhàn)前夕,蘇聯(lián)通過與德國簽訂互不侵犯條約,避免了首先受到德國的入侵,贏得了一定的作戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備的時間。在德國入侵前后,為了避免兩線作戰(zhàn),蘇聯(lián)對日本采取了一系列的對策。通過張鼓峰事件和諾門坎事件,蘇軍給日軍以沉痛打擊,使日軍認(rèn)識到了蘇軍的威力,不敢貿(mào)然“北進(jìn)”。此后蘇聯(lián)還與日本簽訂了蘇日中立條約,以緩和與日本的關(guān)系。蘇聯(lián)始終未陷入兩線作戰(zhàn)的困境,還有一個重要原因:中國人民的抗日戰(zhàn)爭拖住了日本陸軍的主力,使日本無力“北進(jìn)”。美國在戰(zhàn)爭中雖然陷入了兩洋作戰(zhàn)的困境,但是美國始終堅持“先歐后亞”的戰(zhàn)略,從而正確的解決了兩線作戰(zhàn)的主次關(guān)系,取得了對德、對日作戰(zhàn)的勝利。 本文將從三個方面對各主要參戰(zhàn)國在第二次世界大中遇到的兩線作戰(zhàn)問題進(jìn)行闡述。一、各主要參戰(zhàn)國在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中面臨的兩線作戰(zhàn)的形勢;二、分析各主要參戰(zhàn)國避免兩線作戰(zhàn)的措施;三、總結(jié)各主要參戰(zhàn)國避免兩線作戰(zhàn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。
[Abstract]:Looking at the history of World War II, we can see that two-line combat is a problem encountered by major participating countries. How to avoid two-line operations has become an important strategic and strategic issue related to the overall situation of the war. It is of great benefit to study the cause of the victory of the anti-fascist war and the proposition of avoiding the two-line combat in the second World War. In order to avoid the two-line combat problems, the major countries in World War II made unremitting efforts in politics, diplomacy and other aspects. However, due to the nature of the operation and different strategies, there are different results. In order to avoid the two lines of war, on the one hand, Germany used the appeasement policy of Britain and France to advance step by step, each of them broke down, on the other hand, it signed a non-aggression treaty with the Soviet Union, and successfully avoided the two lines of war for a period of time. But then, without defeating Britain, he could not wait to launch the invasion of the Soviet Union, and ended up in the quagmire of two-line warfare. Japan, trapped in the Chinese battlefield, is in fact facing the dilemma of three-line combat. In order to get rid of this dilemma, Japan finally established the policy of "advancing from north to south" and adjusted the relations between Japan and Soviet Union according to the development of the situation in order to stabilize the Soviet Union. But because of the resistance of the Chinese people, Japan, after launching the Pacific War, was caught in a two-line attack between the Chinese and Pacific battlefields. After the end of the Soviet-German war, Japan was hit hard by the Soviet Union's declaration of war. The Soviet Union successfully avoided two-line combat problems in World War II. On the eve of the war, the Soviet Union, by signing a non-aggression treaty with Germany, avoided first being invaded by Germany and won a certain time for war preparation. Before and after the German invasion, the Soviet Union took a series of countermeasures against Japan in order to avoid two-line combat. Through the events of Zhang Gufeng and Normecan, the Soviet Army struck hard at the Japanese army and made the Japanese army realize the power of the Soviet army and dare not rush "northward." Since then, the Soviet Union and Japan signed the Treaty of neutrality, to ease relations with Japan. The Soviet Union was never caught in the dilemma of fighting on two fronts, and there was another important reason: the Chinese people's War of Resistance against Japan had dragged down the main force of the Japanese Army and made Japan unable to "move northward". Although the United States was caught in the dilemma of fighting between the two oceans in the war, the United States always adhered to the strategy of "first Europe before Asia", thus correctly resolved the principal and secondary relations between the two lines of combat, and won the war against Germany and Japan. In this paper, the two-line combat problems encountered by major countries in the second world are discussed from three aspects. First, the situation of the major participating countries in the two-line operations in the second World War; second, the analysis of the measures taken by the major participating countries to avoid the two-line operations; and third, the summary of the experiences and lessons of the major participating countries in avoiding the two-line operations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K152
本文編號：2118969
[Abstract]:Looking at the history of World War II, we can see that two-line combat is a problem encountered by major participating countries. How to avoid two-line operations has become an important strategic and strategic issue related to the overall situation of the war. It is of great benefit to study the cause of the victory of the anti-fascist war and the proposition of avoiding the two-line combat in the second World War. In order to avoid the two-line combat problems, the major countries in World War II made unremitting efforts in politics, diplomacy and other aspects. However, due to the nature of the operation and different strategies, there are different results. In order to avoid the two lines of war, on the one hand, Germany used the appeasement policy of Britain and France to advance step by step, each of them broke down, on the other hand, it signed a non-aggression treaty with the Soviet Union, and successfully avoided the two lines of war for a period of time. But then, without defeating Britain, he could not wait to launch the invasion of the Soviet Union, and ended up in the quagmire of two-line warfare. Japan, trapped in the Chinese battlefield, is in fact facing the dilemma of three-line combat. In order to get rid of this dilemma, Japan finally established the policy of "advancing from north to south" and adjusted the relations between Japan and Soviet Union according to the development of the situation in order to stabilize the Soviet Union. But because of the resistance of the Chinese people, Japan, after launching the Pacific War, was caught in a two-line attack between the Chinese and Pacific battlefields. After the end of the Soviet-German war, Japan was hit hard by the Soviet Union's declaration of war. The Soviet Union successfully avoided two-line combat problems in World War II. On the eve of the war, the Soviet Union, by signing a non-aggression treaty with Germany, avoided first being invaded by Germany and won a certain time for war preparation. Before and after the German invasion, the Soviet Union took a series of countermeasures against Japan in order to avoid two-line combat. Through the events of Zhang Gufeng and Normecan, the Soviet Army struck hard at the Japanese army and made the Japanese army realize the power of the Soviet army and dare not rush "northward." Since then, the Soviet Union and Japan signed the Treaty of neutrality, to ease relations with Japan. The Soviet Union was never caught in the dilemma of fighting on two fronts, and there was another important reason: the Chinese people's War of Resistance against Japan had dragged down the main force of the Japanese Army and made Japan unable to "move northward". Although the United States was caught in the dilemma of fighting between the two oceans in the war, the United States always adhered to the strategy of "first Europe before Asia", thus correctly resolved the principal and secondary relations between the two lines of combat, and won the war against Germany and Japan. In this paper, the two-line combat problems encountered by major countries in the second world are discussed from three aspects. First, the situation of the major participating countries in the two-line operations in the second World War; second, the analysis of the measures taken by the major participating countries to avoid the two-line operations; and third, the summary of the experiences and lessons of the major participating countries in avoiding the two-line operations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K152
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條
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，本文編號：2118969
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