發(fā)布時間：2018-07-09 23:19

  本文選題：美國 + 朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭　； 參考：《吉林大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 1947年7月,隨著美國空軍的正式成立,空中力量在戰(zhàn)后美國軍事戰(zhàn)略中占據(jù)了極其重要的地位。在朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭和越南戰(zhàn)爭中,美國的空中力量都扮演了重要的角色。朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭與越南戰(zhàn)爭發(fā)生的時間、地點、參加者、戰(zhàn)爭的進行方式乃至結(jié)局各有不同。雖然美國的空中力量在這兩場戰(zhàn)爭中取得了巨大的戰(zhàn)果,使對手付出了慘重的代價,但是美國的空中力量在戰(zhàn)略轟炸、封鎖阻滯等方面的失誤卻有著突出的相似性。顯然,未能真正吸取朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭的教訓與越南戰(zhàn)爭的失敗之間存在著某種關(guān)系。 朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之初,美國軍方對戰(zhàn)爭形勢的判斷是非常樂觀的。因為美軍擁有巨大的物質(zhì)和技術(shù)優(yōu)勢,特別是擁有龐大而先進的空中力量。美國認為可以通過轟炸切斷中國軍隊的后勤戰(zhàn)略補給,最終取得勝利。但是雖然美軍的空中優(yōu)勢給中國軍隊造成了巨大損失和困難,由于中國軍隊采取了行之有效的措施,美軍依靠空中力量摧毀朝鮮戰(zhàn)略目標、對交通運輸線實施“絞殺戰(zhàn)”的目標未能實現(xiàn)。 朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭以“平局”結(jié)束,美國并沒有對自己在戰(zhàn)爭中的失誤及時進行反思,相反對空中力量在戰(zhàn)爭中的表現(xiàn)十分滿意。當美國卷入越南戰(zhàn)爭時,更加龐大、先進的空中力量很快被投入了戰(zhàn)場。 在越南戰(zhàn)爭中,美國的空中力量依舊試圖通過對戰(zhàn)略目標和交通線的猛烈轟炸,實現(xiàn)摧毀北越的意志,耗盡北越的戰(zhàn)爭潛力的目標。美軍認為通過對北越的交通、油料系統(tǒng)以及“胡志明小道”的有效轟炸就可以阻止外援物資進入北越以及北越的人員和裝備進入南越。但是最終的結(jié)果卻是投彈更多、代價更高、效果更差。 持續(xù)不斷的外援使北越的戰(zhàn)爭潛力得以保持,結(jié)果和朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭一樣,美國無法依靠消耗對方的戰(zhàn)爭潛力來贏得戰(zhàn)爭,也使戰(zhàn)爭的勝利變得遙不可及。這兩場戰(zhàn)爭的結(jié)果都說明,在有限戰(zhàn)爭的背景下,戰(zhàn)略轟炸是無效的,投入的空中力量即使再強大也無法完成封鎖和阻滯。武裝進攻一個面積足夠大的,能夠獲取有效外援的國家是不可能取得完全勝利的—即使戰(zhàn)爭目標是有限的。而正是由于未能吸取朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭的教訓,美國在越南戰(zhàn)爭中遭到了徹底的失敗。
[Abstract]:In July 1947, with the formal establishment of the United States Air Force, air force occupied an extremely important position in the postwar American military strategy. American air power played an important role in the Korean War and Vietnam War. The Korean War and the Vietnam War took place at different times, places, participants, and even the outcome of the war. Although American air power has made great achievements in these two wars and made the adversaries pay a heavy price, there are outstanding similarities in the mistakes of American air power in strategic bombing, blockage and so on. Clearly, there is a relationship between the failure to learn the lessons of the Korean War and the defeat of the Vietnam War. At the beginning of the Korean War, the US military was very optimistic about the situation. Because the U. S. military has a huge material and technological advantages, especially with a huge and advanced air power. The United States believes that bombing can cut off the Chinese army's logistic strategic supply and ultimately win. However, although the air superiority of the US military has caused great losses and difficulties to the Chinese army, because of the effective measures taken by the Chinese army, the US military relies on air power to destroy the North Korean strategic targets. The goal of "hanging and killing" on transportation lines has not been achieved. The Korean War ended with a "draw". The United States did not reflect on its mistakes in the war in time. On the contrary, it was satisfied with the performance of air power in the war. When the United States got involved in the Vietnam War, the larger and more advanced air power was quickly thrown into the battlefield. During the Vietnam War, American air force still tried to achieve the goal of destroying North Vietnam and draining the war potential of North Vietnam through heavy bombing of strategic targets and communication lines. The US military believes that effective bombing of North Vietnam traffic, oil systems and "Hu Zhiming path" can prevent foreign aid from entering North Vietnam and personnel and equipment from North Vietnam into South Vietnam. But the end result is more bombs, higher costs, and worse results. Continuous foreign aid kept the war potential in North Vietnam. As a result, the United States could not win the war by consuming the other side's war potential, and the victory of the war became out of reach. The results of both wars show that strategic bombing is ineffective in the context of a limited war and that no amount of air power can be used to complete the blockade and blockage. An armed attack on a country that is large enough to secure effective foreign aid is unlikely to win-even if the targets are limited. It was the failure to learn the lessons of the Korean War that led to a complete defeat in Vietnam.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K712

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 梁志宇;美國戰(zhàn)略目標與戰(zhàn)術(shù)選擇的不對稱性[D];云南大學;2010年

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本文編號：2111082