本文選題：臺灣利益集團 + 中美關系��； 參考：《山東師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)結束后，利益集團政治在美國外交決策領域的影響逐漸彰顯，其中臺灣利益集團在美國外交政治中扮演了重要角色，給中美關系帶來了嚴重影響。本文對冷戰(zhàn)結束后美國外交政策的特點，美國利益集團政治的影響進行了分析，特別是對臺灣利益集團的構成及其在美外交政策領域施加的影響進行了重點論述。 冷戰(zhàn)后，美國國會與總統(tǒng)在外交方面的爭權愈演愈烈。國會通過手中掌握的撥款權、人事任免權、監(jiān)督聽證權等權力深度介入外交事務，并與利益集團結成聯(lián)盟，國會成為利益集團最主要的“發(fā)聲管”。臺灣利益集團自出現(xiàn)時起，就與國會關系密切，部分國會議員實際充當了臺灣利益集團的代言人。臺灣利益集團構成復雜，大體可分為“臺灣系”和“本土系”兩大類：臺灣系是指臺灣當局在美國的派出機構及其利益的代理人，由臺灣當局支配或暗中指使，是集團的核心力量；本土系則是由于經(jīng)濟利益驅使或出自意識形態(tài)、政治利益和國家安全等方面的考慮而支持臺灣的美國利益集團、個人或組織，他們屬于外圍成員，但作用不容低估。 臺灣利益集團活動目標主要是為臺灣謀利益，比如爭取臺灣加入聯(lián)合國等國際組織，謀求獨立國家地位等。為此，臺灣利益集團通過游說議員和行政官員、公關外交、感情投資、政治捐獻等多種方式拉攏美國決策部門，離間中美關系，使90年代以來的中美關系出現(xiàn)跌宕起伏局面。冷戰(zhàn)后，臺灣利益集團推動了臺灣領導人訪美、美國對臺軍售、臺灣入聯(lián)等多個破壞海峽兩岸和平與中美關系穩(wěn)定的事件，造成海峽局勢的持續(xù)緊張，不僅給中美關系帶來諸多變數(shù)，也使中國和平解決臺灣問題的努力困難重重�；谄鋵χ忻狸P系和海峽穩(wěn)定造成的嚴重后果，本文最后提出必須對臺灣利益集團施加給美國社會的影響加以“隔離”并予以修補。具體說來，加強對美國國會的工作力度，，改進工作方法——由原來的由上而下，重視美國上層而忽視美國民眾的工作方法改為既重視中美上層社會的示范作用又充分發(fā)揮兩國民間社會的聯(lián)系紐帶作用的上下結合的工作方法，充分發(fā)揮公共外交的作用，以此減少臺灣利益集團等對中美關系的破壞，推動中美關系的健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:After the end of the Cold War, the influence of interest group politics in the diplomatic decision-making field of the United States gradually became obvious, in which the Taiwan interest group played an important role in American diplomatic politics, and brought serious influence to Sino-US relations. This paper analyzes the characteristics of American foreign policy after the end of the Cold War and the influence of American interest group politics, especially on the composition of Taiwan interest group and its influence in the field of American foreign policy. After the Cold War, the US Congress and the president in the diplomatic power increasingly fierce. Congress is deeply involved in foreign affairs through the power of appropriation, appointment and removal of personnel, supervision and hearing, and forms an alliance with interest groups. Congress becomes the main "vocal tube" of interest groups. Since the emergence of Taiwan interest groups, they have been closely related to Congress, and some members of Congress have actually acted as spokesmen for Taiwan interest groups. The composition of Taiwan's interest groups is complex and can be divided into two broad categories: "Taiwan" and "local": Taiwan refers to the Taiwan authorities' agencies in the United States and their agents for their interests, which are dictated or secretly directed by the Taiwan authorities. It is the core force of the group; the indigenous department, on the other hand, supports Taiwan's US interest groups, individuals or organizations because of economic interests or considerations of ideology, political interests and national security. They are members of the periphery. But the role should not be underestimated. The main goal of Taiwan interest groups is to work for Taiwan's interests, such as striving for Taiwan's membership in international organizations such as the United Nations and seeking the status of an independent state. For this reason, Taiwan interest groups through lobbying legislators and administrative officials, public relations diplomacy, emotional investment, political donations, and other ways to attract the United States decision-making departments, between China and the United States relations, so that Sino-US relations have ups and downs since the 1990s. After the Cold War, Taiwan interest groups promoted Taiwan leaders' visit to the United States, US arms sales to Taiwan, Taiwan's entry into the United States, and many other incidents that undermined cross-strait peace and stability in Sino-US relations, resulting in continued tension in the Taiwan Strait situation. It not only brings many variables to Sino-US relations, but also makes it difficult for China to resolve the Taiwan issue peacefully. Based on its serious consequences for Sino-US relations and the stability of the Taiwan Strait, this paper finally proposes that the influence exerted by Taiwan interest groups on American society must be "isolated" and repaired. Specifically, to strengthen our work on the United States Congress, to improve our working methods from the original top-down, Paying attention to the upper class of the United States and neglecting the working methods of the American people has been changed into a working method that attaches importance to both the exemplary role of the upper class society of China and the United States and gives full play to the linking role of civil society between the two countries, so as to give full play to the role of public diplomacy. In order to reduce Taiwan interest groups and other damage to Sino-US relations, promote the healthy and stable development of Sino-US relations.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K153;D829.712

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