本文選題：佛朗哥 + 丘吉爾��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文主要針對(duì)1940-1945年間英國丘吉爾政府對(duì)西班牙佛朗哥政權(quán)所采取的外交政策進(jìn)行研究。西班牙礦產(chǎn)資源豐富,西臨大西洋,南部瀕臨地中海,戰(zhàn)略地位十分重要。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)初期,戰(zhàn)爭形勢(shì)對(duì)英國十分不利,為保證直布羅陀海峽的暢通及英國大西洋航線的安全,英國決定努力維持西班牙的中立。為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一戰(zhàn)略目的,英國的丘吉爾政府在政治領(lǐng)域?qū)ξ靼嘌雷龀隽艘幌盗械淖尣揭园矒岱鹄矢缯?同時(shí)在經(jīng)濟(jì)上對(duì)西班牙進(jìn)行力所能及的援助。1942年,戰(zhàn)爭的形勢(shì)發(fā)生了一定的變化,英國根據(jù)這一情況出發(fā)就英國對(duì)西班牙政策進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。隨著戰(zhàn)爭的進(jìn)行,局勢(shì)開始越來越有利于盟國。1943年末至1944年上半年,在西班牙鎢出口問題上,英國與西班牙、美國進(jìn)行了積極磋商,以務(wù)實(shí)的精神使西班牙鎢出口問題得以順利解決。二戰(zhàn)期間如何處理與佛朗哥政府的關(guān)系,對(duì)于丘吉爾政府來說是較為棘手的:一方面,佛朗哥政權(quán)是法西斯獨(dú)裁政體,并與德意法西斯有千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系;但另一方面,西班牙又具有重要的戰(zhàn)略地位,英國必須維護(hù)其在西班牙的特殊利益。因此,在處理與佛朗哥政府的關(guān)系上,丘吉爾政府體現(xiàn)了英國傳統(tǒng)外交思想的務(wù)實(shí)和現(xiàn)實(shí)精神,始終將英國的國家利益放在首要位置,靈活地處理與佛朗哥政府之間的關(guān)系,并力爭最大限度地維護(hù)英國自身的國家利益。本文以第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間英國丘吉爾政府對(duì)西班牙佛朗哥政權(quán)所采取的外交政策為主題,依據(jù)近年來英國政府的解密文件以及西方學(xué)者的相關(guān)論著,力求系統(tǒng)闡述第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,丘吉爾政府對(duì)西班牙佛朗哥政權(quán)所采取的外交政策,揭示這一時(shí)期英國對(duì)西班牙外交政策的發(fā)展與演變。 本文由緒論、正文和結(jié)束語組成。 緒論部分介紹了本課題在國內(nèi)外的研究狀況、研究目的與意義。正文共分為四部分: 一、英國政府對(duì)佛朗哥政權(quán)政策的回顧。筆者首先回顧了英國在西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間所采取的不干涉政策。其次分析了在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)初期,英國政府對(duì)西班牙佛朗哥政府政策的初步制定,闡述了在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)初期英西之間的初步經(jīng)濟(jì)合作,這為后來丘吉爾政府的對(duì)西政策奠定了一定的基礎(chǔ)。 二、英國政府為維持西班牙中立所作的努力。主要論述了1940年6月至1941年間,英國丘吉爾政府為防止西班牙卷入戰(zhàn)爭而采取的一系列的措施。為防止西班牙卷入戰(zhàn)爭,英國從經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治兩方面雙管齊下,對(duì)佛朗哥政府采取了一系列的政策,極力阻止佛朗哥政權(quán)卷入戰(zhàn)爭。 三、英國政府對(duì)佛朗哥政權(quán)外交政策的調(diào)整。1941年至1942年初,英國駐西班牙情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)西班牙的形勢(shì)較為悲觀。鑒于德國通過非正常手段迫使西班牙卷入戰(zhàn)爭的可能性仍然存在,英國制定了“1942—自由西班牙運(yùn)動(dòng)”計(jì)劃,以備在西班牙被卷入戰(zhàn)爭的情況下,在西班牙建立一個(gè)親盟國的反佛朗哥政權(quán)。但為順利實(shí)施“火炬”計(jì)劃,英國決定擱置“1942—自由西班牙運(yùn)動(dòng)”計(jì)劃,并安撫西班牙的佛朗哥政權(quán)。 四、英國在西班牙鎢出口問題上的政策。為最大限度的削弱納粹德國軍事工業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力,盟國在西班牙展開了與納粹德國的鎢金屬爭奪。1944年1月末,鎢出口問題被激化。為最大限度的維護(hù)英國的國家利益,保證英國可以繼續(xù)從西班牙獲取戰(zhàn)略物資,維護(hù)英國在西班牙的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,英國一方面提出了較為現(xiàn)實(shí)的限量方案并與佛朗哥政府進(jìn)行接觸,另一方面丘吉爾與羅斯福總統(tǒng)進(jìn)行積極磋商,勸說其接受英國所提出的限量方案,最終使得西班牙鎢金屬出口問題得以順利解決,英國的國家利益也得以維護(hù)。在解決鎢金屬問題的過程中,丘吉政府從英國的國家利益出發(fā)逐步制定了對(duì)佛朗哥政權(quán)的戰(zhàn)后安排方案。
[Abstract]:In the first half of the Second World War , the British Churchill ' s government made a series of concessions in the political sphere to pacify the government of Franco and to maintain its neutrality . In the first half of the Second World War , the British Churchill Government had made a series of concessions to the Spanish policy .


This paper consists of an introduction , a text and a conclusion .


The introduction part introduces the research situation , research aim and significance of the subject at home and abroad . The text is divided into four parts :


Firstly , the British government ' s review of Franco ' s regime policy . The author first reviewed Britain ' s non - interference policy during the Spanish civil war . Secondly , it analyzed the preliminary formulation of the government policy of Franco in the early World War , and described the initial economic cooperation between Britain and the West during the early World War , which laid the foundation for the policy of Churchill ' s government .


Second , the British government has made efforts to maintain Spain ' s neutrality . The British Churchill ' s government has taken a series of measures to prevent Spain from being involved in the war between June and 1941 . In order to prevent Spain from being involved in the war , Britain has adopted a series of policies from both the economy and politics to prevent the Franco - Franco regime from being involved in the war .


The British government is pessimistic about the foreign policy of the Franco regime . In 1941 and early 1942 , the British embassy in Spain was more pessimistic about the situation in Spain . In view of the fact that Germany has forced Spain to become involved in the war by means of non - normal means , Britain has set up a " 1942 - free Spanish campaign " plan to set up an allied anti - Franco regime in Spain . However , in order to implement the torch plan smoothly , the United Kingdom decided to lay aside the " 1942 - free Spanish movement " plan and placate the Franco - Franco regime in Spain .


On the other hand , in order to minimize the productive capacity of Nazi Germany ' s military industry , Britain has fought with the tungsten metal of Nazi Germany . In January 1944 , the problem of tungsten exports has been intensified . In order to safeguard Britain ' s national interests , Britain can continue to obtain strategic goods from Spain and to safeguard Britain ' s economic interests in Spain . On the other hand , Churchill and President Roosevelt held active consultations to persuade them to accept the limited programmes proposed by the United Kingdom , and Britain ' s national interests were maintained . In the course of solving the problem of tungsten metal , Mr . Chui made a step - by - step plan for the post - war arrangement of the Franco regime from the national interests of the United Kingdom .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K561.46

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 徐穎;三十年獨(dú)裁政權(quán)緣何不倒[D];蘭州大學(xué);2010年

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本文編號(hào)：2098121