本文選題：伊拉斯謨 + 基督教人文主義��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)14世紀(jì)中葉在意大利興起,16世紀(jì)中葉陡然衰落,這期間由于歐洲相似經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展,它從南方擴(kuò)散到北方。一時(shí)間,文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、哲學(xué)、科學(xué)等新興領(lǐng)域蓬勃發(fā)展,在古典復(fù)興的名頭下,個(gè)人主義、懷疑主義、世俗主義的思潮遍及整個(gè)歐洲�！拔乃噺�(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)在意大利是一場(chǎng)華麗而富貴的文藝繁榮,發(fā)展到北方則是一場(chǎng)質(zhì)樸而深刻的思想革命”①鹿特丹的伊拉斯謨對(duì)這場(chǎng)質(zhì)樸而深刻的思想革命的發(fā)展功不可沒:他是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期偉大的思想家,基督教人文主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖人物。他在將人文主義的治學(xué)方法用于圣經(jīng)的研究上,做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn),在西方文化發(fā)展史上有著思想先驅(qū)的地位。文藝復(fù)興發(fā)展到北方時(shí),與宗教改革運(yùn)動(dòng)混纏在一起,伊拉斯謨則在共同兄弟會(huì)的宗教與人文主義教育中成長(zhǎng)。這期間,教會(huì)的腐敗,人文主義者的普遍生活理想都刺激著伊拉斯謨,令其產(chǎn)生了改良教會(huì)的愿望。伊拉斯謨希望通過(guò)教會(huì)內(nèi)部自上而下的改革,從教會(huì)回到基督,從外在儀式回到內(nèi)心感知,創(chuàng)造有知虔誠(chéng)的基督教社會(huì),重建基督教的社會(huì)道德基礎(chǔ)。他擴(kuò)大了上帝的概念,宣揚(yáng)寬厚、和諧、和平,因此與路德和莫爾不同,他既不贊成暴力手段的宗教改革也無(wú)法向腐敗的天主教妥協(xié),然而,他的選擇為改革派與保守派所不容而被排斥,他本人的影響也隨文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)的衰落而在他的時(shí)代沒落。 伊拉斯謨的人文主義宗教理想在他的時(shí)代只能成為空想。這是時(shí)代背景下,希臘文化、拉丁文化衰落與非基督教文化迅速發(fā)展不相混容而缺乏古典精神與基督精神相結(jié)合的母體,及其人文主義者的角色,拉丁文的貴族、精英化三方面共同作用的結(jié)果。而且,伊拉斯謨并沒有領(lǐng)會(huì)到教會(huì)的道德困境,純粹的要求重返基督,呼吁人性和平,所以說(shuō),伊拉斯謨編織了一個(gè)“古老而遙遠(yuǎn)的夢(mèng)”。 然而伊拉斯謨孜孜不倦的為基督勞作,他的回歸基督、回歸圣經(jīng)的新思想影響了宗教改革家;他理想的人文主義基督教中擴(kuò)大了的上帝,擴(kuò)大了的基督教文化令其成為近代啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的思想先驅(qū);他的寬容、和平的主張,已被賦予了現(xiàn)代意義。伊拉斯謨的虔誠(chéng)、博學(xué)、善思、勤奮,給后世留下了豐厚的財(cái)產(chǎn),他在西方思想史上的巨大貢獻(xiàn)將被我們銘記。
[Abstract]:The Renaissance rose in Italy in the middle of the 14th century and declined sharply in the middle of the 16th century, during which time it spread from the South to the North due to the development of similar economic structures in Europe. For a time, literature, art, philosophy, science and other emerging fields flourished, under the name of the classical revival, individualism, skepticism, secularism throughout Europe. "the Renaissance was a magnificent and rich literary prosperity in Italy. To the north was a simple and profound ideological revolution. "1 Erasmus of Rotterdam contributed to the development of this simple and profound ideological revolution: he was a great thinker of the Renaissance. The leader of the Christian humanism movement. He has made great contributions to the study of the Bible by applying the humanistic method to the study of the Bible and has been a pioneer in the history of western culture. When the Renaissance developed to the north, it was intertwined with the Reformation Movement, while Erasmus grew up in the common Brotherhood's education of religion and humanism. During this period, the corruption of the church and the universal life ideal of humanists stimulated Erasmus and made him desire to improve the church. Erasmus hopes that through the top-down reform within the church, from church to Christ, from external ritual to inner perception, to create a Christian society with knowledge and piety, and to rebuild the social moral foundation of Christianity. He expanded the concept of God, preaching generosity, harmony, and peace, so unlike Luther and Moore, he could neither embrace violent religious reform nor compromise with corrupt Catholicism, however, His choices were rejected by reformers and conservatives, and his own influence declined in his time with the decline of the Renaissance. Erasmus's humanism and religious ideal could only be utopian in his time. This is the background of the times, Greek culture, the decline of Latin culture and the rapid development of non-Christian culture is not compatible with the lack of classical spirit and the spirit of Christ, and the role of humanists, Latin aristocrats, The result of the combination of the three aspects of excellence. Moreover, Erasmus did not understand the moral dilemma of the church, pure demand to return to Christ, call for human peace, so Erasmus woven a "ancient and distant dream." But Erasmus worked tirelessly for Christ, and his return to Christ, his return to the Bible, influenced the religious reformers; the expanded God of his ideal humanist Christianity, The expanded Christian culture has made it a pioneer of modern enlightenment, and his ideas of tolerance and peace have been given modern significance. Erasmus's piety, erudite, thoughtfulness, diligence, left a wealth of wealth to future generations, his great contribution to the history of Western thought will be remembered.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K516

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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2 劉明翰;伊拉斯莫新論[J];世界歷史;2002年03期

3 郭靈鳳;戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、和平與“基督教共同體”——伊拉斯謨思想述論之一[J];歐洲研究;2005年02期

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本文編號(hào)：2072544