本文選題：“大覺醒”運(yùn)動(dòng) + 北美殖民地��； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：18世紀(jì)中葉,殖民地期間的美國(guó)出現(xiàn)了“學(xué)院熱”浪潮,一批風(fēng)格迥異的學(xué)院拔地而起,為美國(guó)高等教育的發(fā)展帶來(lái)陣陣清風(fēng)。這背后的動(dòng)因,正是在于當(dāng)時(shí)所發(fā)生的一場(chǎng)歷史著名的“大覺醒”運(yùn)動(dòng)。 “大覺醒”運(yùn)動(dòng)是殖民地時(shí)期后6所學(xué)院誕生的催化劑。本文重點(diǎn)在詳細(xì)描述了后6所殖民地學(xué)院的創(chuàng)立過(guò)程,目的是在全面還原歷史原貌的同時(shí),使讀者更加準(zhǔn)確的理解“大覺醒”運(yùn)動(dòng)在各個(gè)學(xué)院建立過(guò)程中所起到的舉足輕重的作用�！按笥X醒”運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅促進(jìn)了它之后半個(gè)世紀(jì)殖民地學(xué)院大發(fā)展,并且,它的思想精髓直接或間接的灌輸?shù)綄W(xué)院深入發(fā)展的各個(gè)方面。 在“大覺醒”運(yùn)動(dòng)后成立的六所學(xué)院分別是,1746年宣布成立的北美第四所高等學(xué)院即新澤西學(xué)院,這所學(xué)院是由新教“新邊”長(zhǎng)老會(huì)建立的。五年之后,位于賓夕法尼亞州的費(fèi)城學(xué)院成立。賓夕法尼亞殖民地是主張宗教寬容的威廉·佩恩建立的,因此費(fèi)城學(xué)院也是殖民地九所學(xué)院中唯一沒(méi)有教派傾向的學(xué)院。由于威廉-瑪麗學(xué)院地處南方,北方學(xué)子求學(xué)困難,1754年英王喬治二世頒發(fā)特許狀,在紐約成立國(guó)王學(xué)院。其他三所學(xué)院是1764年成立的羅得島學(xué)院、1766年成立的王后學(xué)院和1770年成立的達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院。這三所學(xué)院都由不同的宗教派別建立,但是在教育目標(biāo)方面已經(jīng)不是單純的宗教教育了。 “大覺醒”運(yùn)動(dòng)自由、包容的思想精髓深入人心,同時(shí)把歐洲自然科學(xué)之風(fēng)帶進(jìn)殖民地學(xué)院,北美殖民地理性主義思潮高漲,打破了傳統(tǒng)學(xué)院沉悶而又濃厚的宗教氣氛。殖民地學(xué)院的成立以及其后來(lái)的發(fā)展為美國(guó)高等教育的大發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ),為美國(guó)高等教育探索邁開了艱辛而意義重大的一步。殖民地學(xué)院在“大覺醒”運(yùn)動(dòng)精神的作用下,在殖民地學(xué)院的學(xué)術(shù)自由、制度多樣性、課程設(shè)置和愛國(guó)意識(shí)等方面產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。 通過(guò)對(duì)歷史的理性分析,可以總結(jié)出“大覺醒”運(yùn)動(dòng)與學(xué)院大發(fā)展之間是存在必然聯(lián)系的,“大覺醒”運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)后六所學(xué)院乃至以后的美國(guó)高等教育都產(chǎn)生了積極影響,社會(huì)的思想變革是教育事業(yè)發(fā)展的推動(dòng)力。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the 18th century, there was a wave of "academic fever" in the colonial period in the United States, and a number of colleges of different styles sprang up, which brought about a gust of breeze for the development of American higher education. The motive behind this lies in the historic Awakening movement that took place at that time. The Great Awakening Movement was the catalyst for the birth of six colleges after the colonial period. This paper focuses on the establishment of the last six colonial colleges in detail, with the aim of fully restoring the original history. So that readers understand more accurately the "Great Awakening" movement in the establishment of each school played a pivotal role. The "Great Awakening" Movement not only promoted the great development of colonial colleges in the following half century, but also inculcated directly or indirectly into all aspects of the further development of the College. The six colleges established after the Great Awakening were the fourth higher school in North America, the New Jersey College, announced in 1746, which was founded by the Protestant New Frontier Presbyterian Church. Five years later, Philadelphia College in Pennsylvania was founded. The Pennsylvania colony was founded by William Penn, a religious tolerant man, and Philadelphia College was the only one of the nine colleges in the colony that had no sectarian tendencies. Because William Mary College is located in the south and the students from the North are difficult to study, King George II issued a charter in 1754 to establish King's College in New York. The other three were Rhode Island College in 1764, Queen College in 1766 and Dartmouth College in 1770. All three colleges are built by different religious denominations, but they are no longer purely religious in terms of educational goals. The movement of "the Great Awakening" was free and tolerant, and at the same time brought the European natural science wind into the Colonial College. The upsurge of rationalism in the North American colonies broke the dreary and strong religious atmosphere of the traditional colleges. The establishment of the Colonial College and its subsequent development laid the foundation for the great development of American higher education, and opened a difficult and significant step for the exploration of American higher education. Under the influence of the spirit of the Great Awakening Movement, the Colonial College had a profound influence on the academic freedom, the diversity of the system, the curriculum arrangement and the patriotic consciousness of the Colonial College. Through the rational analysis of history, it can be concluded that there is an inevitable connection between the "Great Awakening" movement and the great development of colleges, and that the "Great Awakening" movement has had a positive impact on the later six colleges and even the American higher education in the future. Social ideological change is the driving force of the development of education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：G649.712;K712

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 宋艷麗;富蘭克林與費(fèi)城學(xué)院的創(chuàng)建[D];沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2065314