本文選題：蘇聯(lián)對(duì)德國(guó)政策 + 判斷��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 經(jīng)歷了慕尼黑反思的蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,根據(jù)其國(guó)際政治觀對(duì)時(shí)局做出的判斷,在不放棄集體安全時(shí),也在思索對(duì)德中立自保的可能。這種思考反映在1939年蘇共18大上斯大林的闡述和5月外交人民委員的換馬上。在二戰(zhàn)前的大三角格局中,蘇聯(lián)實(shí)施集體安全和對(duì)德中立自保并行的雙規(guī)政策,對(duì)德國(guó)和英法的意圖都進(jìn)行試探。終于在8月底蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人做出最終抉擇,通過(guò)與德國(guó)簽約得以暫時(shí)遠(yuǎn)離戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 波蘭戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間,受其戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)觀影響的蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,力圖和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)拉開(kāi)距離,并想選擇合適時(shí)機(jī)介入戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),同時(shí)也借助外交和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的手段實(shí)現(xiàn)有利蘇聯(lián)安全的調(diào)整。所以在與德國(guó)簽署邊界友好條約后,蘇聯(lián)對(duì)德國(guó)所發(fā)動(dòng)的和平攻勢(shì)和戰(zhàn)略西轉(zhuǎn)都抱著支持的態(tài)度,當(dāng)然與德國(guó)的合作中,心存防范的蘇聯(lián)也在經(jīng)濟(jì)和外交上為將來(lái)的蘇德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)做準(zhǔn)備。 盡管對(duì)西線戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的判斷失誤使蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人深感震驚,覺(jué)得戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的威脅加大了,但仍然沒(méi)有改變斯大林對(duì)蘇德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的預(yù)期,甚至他還設(shè)想英國(guó)的不屈及德國(guó)繼續(xù)深陷西線能使蘇聯(lián)放手在西部繼續(xù)構(gòu)建安全體系。但他的這種想法與希特勒發(fā)生了激烈的矛盾,希特勒出于對(duì)蘇戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的考慮決定更深的介入蘇聯(lián)的西部邊界各國(guó)。柏林會(huì)談后,由于對(duì)希特勒戰(zhàn)略意圖的矛盾判斷,蘇聯(lián)在通過(guò)對(duì)德國(guó)緩和以圖新合作的同時(shí),也在加緊應(yīng)戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備。但由于斯大林預(yù)期兩制戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將不早于1942年爆發(fā),結(jié)果是和平并未如期而至,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)卻突然降臨。
[Abstract]:The Soviet leaders, who had experienced Munich's introspection, judged the current situation on the basis of their international political views, and were pondering the possibility of self-preservation of Germany's neutrality while not giving up collective security. This thinking was reflected in the exposition of Stalin on the 18 th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party in 1939 and the replacement of the diplomatic people's Committee in May. In the Great Triangle pattern before World War II, the Soviet Union carried out the dual policy of collective security and neutral self-protection to Germany and tried out the intentions of Germany and Britain and France. At the end of August, the Soviet leader made the final decision to stay away from the war by signing a contract with Germany. During the Polish War, the Soviet leaders who were influenced by their view of war tried to distance themselves from the war, and wanted to choose the right time to intervene in the war, and at the same time to realize the adjustment beneficial to the security of the Soviet Union by means of diplomacy and war. Therefore, after signing the Treaty of Border Friendship with Germany, the Soviet Union adopted a supportive attitude towards Germany's peace offensive and strategic westward turn. Of course, in its cooperation with Germany, The defenseless Soviet Union also prepared itself economically and diplomatically for the future Soviet-German war. Although the misjudgment of the Western Front war deeply shocked the Soviet leaders and felt that the threat of the war had increased, it still did not change Stalin's expectations of the Soviet-German war. Even he envisioned that Britain's unyielding and Germany's continued involvement in the west would allow the Soviet Union to continue to build security systems in the west. But there was a sharp contradiction between his idea and Hitler, who decided to intervene more deeply in the western border countries of the Soviet Union for the sake of the Soviet war. After the Berlin talks, because of the contradictory judgment of Hitler's strategic intention, the Soviet Union, while trying to ease Israel's new cooperation with Germany, was also stepping up its preparations for war. But because Stalin expected the two wars to break out no earlier than 1942, the result was that peace did not come as expected, and the war came suddenly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K512.5

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