本文選題：能源危機 + 美國�。� 參考：《哈爾濱師范大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 石油作為一種戰(zhàn)略資源,現(xiàn)代工業(yè)社會的“血液”,其安全供應關系著國計民生和國家安全,也成為了國際政治和外交的重要內(nèi)容。世界上許多主要的能源消費國都依賴進口能源,這些國家的能源安全受制于國際能源市場的形勢。于是隨著西方世界對石油的日漸依賴,各國對石油資源的爭奪也越來越激烈。為了避免不利的無序競爭,以及保障各國自身的能源安全,許多國家都將能源問題列入國家經(jīng)濟安全以及國家安全戰(zhàn)略,積極在國際上進行多邊的能源外交。 美國作為二戰(zhàn)后崛起的超級大國,同時也是世界上最大的石油消費國和石油進口國,對國際石油市場具有舉足輕重的地位。這一國家實行的石油政策和能源外交都深刻的影響著世界石油格局的發(fā)展。特別是20世紀70、80年代兩次能源危機期間,美國石油政策的轉(zhuǎn)變和在中東及其他石油資源豐富地區(qū)展開的能源外交,對世界政治和經(jīng)濟格局都產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。因此這一時期的美國能源外交也成為中外學者重點研究的課題。 本文在掌握參考大量中、英文資料的基礎上,以馬克思主義唯物史觀為指導,運用史學和國際關系學的相關理論,詳細闡述了20世紀70、80年代美國能源外交的動因、實施過程、影響、特點及制約因素。試圖從地緣政治、國際政治和經(jīng)濟等方面分析20世紀70、80年代的美國能源外交,客觀闡述了在這一特殊時期美國的能源政策的調(diào)整以及這種調(diào)整在能源外交中具體實施中的表現(xiàn),進一步揭示了這一時期美國能源外交的影響、特點和制約因素。 本文分為三部分: 第一部分,闡述了20世紀70、80年代美國能源外交實施的動因。對20世紀70、80年代的國際和國內(nèi)政治、經(jīng)濟形勢進行了剖析,介紹了這一時期美國能源外交的背景以及面對危機美國所制定的各種能源政策。 第二部分,論述了20世紀70、80年代美國能源外交的具體實施過程。分別闡述了美國對中東、歐洲、美洲和主要國際石油組織的能源外交。由于各個地區(qū)不同的戰(zhàn)略地位,美國對它們也采取了截然不同的能源外交。 第三部分,評20世紀70、80年代的美國能源外交。主要從這一時期美國能源外交的影響、特點和制約因素總結了美國的能源外交,其中影響主要包括這一時期美國能源外交對國際和國內(nèi)政治、經(jīng)濟格局的影響,制約因素包括這一時期美國能源外交所面臨的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:As a kind of strategic resource, oil is the "blood" of modern industrial society, its safe supply is related to national economy and people's livelihood and national security, and has also become an important content of international politics and diplomacy. Many of the world's major energy consumers rely on imported energy, and their energy security is constrained by the international energy market. Therefore, with the increasing dependence of the western world on oil, the competition for oil resources is becoming more and more fierce. In order to avoid unfavorable disorderly competition and ensure the energy security of each country, many countries have included energy issues in their national economic security and national security strategies, and actively engaged in multilateral energy diplomacy in the international arena. As a superpower rising after World War II, the United States is also the largest oil consumer and importer in the world, which plays an important role in the international oil market. The oil policy and energy diplomacy of this country have a profound impact on the development of the world oil pattern. Especially during the two energy crises in the 1970s and 1980s, the change of American petroleum policy and the energy diplomacy in the Middle East and other oil-rich regions have had a profound impact on the world political and economic pattern. Therefore, American energy diplomacy in this period has also become a key research topic for Chinese and foreign scholars. On the basis of mastering a large number of reference materials in English and under the guidance of Marxist historical materialism and using the relevant theories of historiography and international relations, this paper expounds in detail the causes and implementation process of American energy diplomacy in the 1970s and 1980s. Influence, characteristics and restrictive factors. This paper attempts to analyze the American energy diplomacy in the 1970s and 1980s from the aspects of geopolitics, international politics and economy, and objectively expounds the adjustment of the US energy policy in this special period and its concrete implementation in the energy diplomacy. It further reveals the influence, characteristics and restrictive factors of American energy diplomacy in this period. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part expounds the causes of American energy diplomacy in the 1970s and 1980 s. This paper analyzes the international and domestic political and economic situation in the 1970s and 1980s, and introduces the background of American energy diplomacy in this period and the various energy policies formulated by the United States in the face of crisis. The second part discusses the implementation process of American energy diplomacy in the 1970s and 1980 s. The energy diplomacy of the United States to the Middle East, Europe, the Americas and major international oil organizations is expounded respectively. Because of their different strategic positions, the United States has also adopted a very different approach to energy diplomacy. The third part reviews American energy diplomacy in the 1970 s and 1980 s. The influence, characteristics and restrictive factors of American energy diplomacy during this period are summarized, including the influence of American energy diplomacy on the international and domestic political and economic patterns during this period. Constraints include the difficulties and challenges faced by American energy diplomacy during this period.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K712.5

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本文編號：2038948