本文選題：美國 + 英國�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在1982年的英阿馬島戰(zhàn)爭期間,美英雙方的密切合作往往被人們視為里根—撒切爾時期美英特殊關(guān)系再次復(fù)興的重要表現(xiàn)。的確,美國對英國的支持,是英國能夠在三個月內(nèi)迅速取得勝利的重要原因。但是,隨著對馬島戰(zhàn)爭期間美國政策的深入研究,我們看到了許多遠(yuǎn)比支持英國更復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象。一方面,美國在馬島戰(zhàn)爭期間的政策是一個動態(tài)變化的政策,它經(jīng)歷了一個由中立調(diào)解到支持英國,到最終回歸中立的過程。其中,支持英國只是美國政策的一個階段。另一方面,美國政府內(nèi)部對是否支持英國始終存在較大的分歧。國務(wù)院與國防部之間、國務(wù)院內(nèi)部對是否支持英國存在巨大的矛盾,而且這種分歧也體現(xiàn)在這些官員對政策的執(zhí)行上。在上述諸多因素的作用下,美國在馬島戰(zhàn)爭中的決策過程體現(xiàn)的是一種復(fù)雜性與多樣性的統(tǒng)一。為了探究美國在這場危機(jī)中的決策過程,本文擬分三個部分來考察里根政府在馬島戰(zhàn)爭期間的決策過程。第一部分是對歷史背景的梳理。筆者試圖從英阿馬島爭端的歷史淵源,二戰(zhàn)以來美阿、美英關(guān)系以及此次沖突的產(chǎn)生時美國的早期立場等三個方面,對馬島戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前美國的政策進(jìn)行考察。第二部分是文章的主體部分,包括文章的第二、三、四章,旨在分階段厘清美國在馬島戰(zhàn)爭期間政策的形成過程。第二章介紹美國介入的第一階段,在這一階段,美國由中立調(diào)解逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向支持英國。阿根廷占領(lǐng)馬島后,面對兩個盟友之間的戰(zhàn)爭,美國陷入兩難的境地。為了同時保全美國與英阿雙方的關(guān)系,緩和兩個盟友間的矛盾,里根派遣國務(wù)卿黑格進(jìn)行中立調(diào)解。然而,黑格的調(diào)解并不成功,由于黑格自身的情感傾向、國防部對英國的支持、英阿雙方的強(qiáng)硬態(tài)度以及媒體輿論的影響,調(diào)解最終失敗,美國遂調(diào)整政策轉(zhuǎn)而支持英國。第三章論述美國介入的第二階段,這是美國對沖突進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步管控的階段。在美國公開宣布支持英國后,美國國防部加大對英國的支持,試圖幫助英國人迅速取勝。此時,國務(wù)院也在外交方面給予英國堅(jiān)實(shí)的支持。盡管如此,國務(wù)院并沒有停止尋求外交途徑解決雙方?jīng)_突的努力。一方面,黑格利用美國對英阿雙方的影響力,通過秘魯人出面調(diào)解英阿沖突。另一方面,在秘魯調(diào)停失敗后,隨著聯(lián)合國調(diào)解的開始,黑格開始考慮與巴西展開合作,希望能在阿根廷一敗涂地之前,使之體面地退出戰(zhàn)爭,并借以緩和因支持英國而帶來的美阿以及美拉間的緊張關(guān)系。但是,美巴調(diào)解未能奏效,勝利在望的英國人拒絕了美國的建議。這使得英國人事實(shí)上是在美國的支持下取得了戰(zhàn)爭的勝利。第四章是美國處理戰(zhàn)后關(guān)系的階段,這一階段美國的政策逐漸回歸到中立。戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后,面對遭到嚴(yán)重破壞的美拉關(guān)系,美國著手采取了一系列修復(fù)措施。在黑格離任前,修復(fù)美阿關(guān)系的進(jìn)程較為緩慢。在黑格離任后,這個進(jìn)程大大加快。隨著美國最終取消對阿根廷的經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁,新上任的國務(wù)卿舒爾茨對阿根廷的態(tài)度更為靈活、溫和,在他的安排下,美國很快取消了對阿根廷的軍事制裁。同時,為了緩和美阿、美拉關(guān)系,舒爾茨在國際社會中再次強(qiáng)調(diào)以談判來馬島爭端,美國在原則范圍內(nèi)給予阿根廷和拉美國家適度的支持。伴隨著這些努力,并隨著阿根廷民選政府的成立,美阿關(guān)系在1983年年末恢復(fù)到了正常水平。第五章是文章的第三部分。筆者嘗試結(jié)合歷史與理論,用三種不同的模式解讀美國在馬島戰(zhàn)爭中的政策,全面地展現(xiàn)影響美國外交決策的主要因素,并探討它們給美國外交帶來的遺產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:The close cooperation between the United States and Britain was often seen as an important manifestation of the revival of the special relationship between the United States and Britain during the Regan Thatcher period in the 1982 during the British ARMA island war. Indeed, the support of the United States to Britain was an important factor in the rapid success of Britain in three months. However, with the American policy during the Tsushima war. On the one hand, the policy of the United States during the island war is a dynamic policy, and it has experienced a process from neutral to support Britain to the final return to neutrality, in which the support of Britain is only a stage of American policy. On the other hand, the United States is a phase of American policy. There is a big difference between the United States and the United States. Between the State Department and the Ministry of defense, there is a huge contradiction between the State Council and the Department of the State Council on whether to support Britain, and this divergence is also reflected in the implementation of these officials. It is a unity of complexity and diversity. In order to explore the decision-making process of the United States in this crisis, this article will be divided into three parts to examine the decision-making process of the Reagan administration during the island war. The first part is a combing of the historical background. The author tries to analyze the history of the British Alma island dispute, Shi Yuanyuan, the United States and the United States since World War II. And the emergence of this conflict in the early position of the United States, and other three aspects, the Tsushima war before the outbreak of the United States policy investigation. The second part is the main part of the article, including the article second, third, the four chapter, aims to clarify the formation process of the United States during the war during the island war. The second chapter introduces the first stage of American intervention, At this stage, the United States gradually shifted from neutral mediation to support Britain. After Argentina occupied the island of Argentina, the United States was in a dilemma facing the war between the two allies. In order to preserve the relationship between the United States and Britain and the United States and ease the contradiction between the two allies, Reagan dispatched the Secretary of state minister Hague to mediate. The third chapter discussed the second stage of American intervention. This is the stage of the United States' further control of the conflict. After announcing support for Britain, the U.S. Department of defense increased its support for Britain to help British people win a quick victory. At this time, the State Department also gave British solid support to the United Kingdom. On the other hand, after the failure of the mediation of the Peru, with the beginning of the mediation of the United Nations, Hague began to consider the cooperation with Brazil after the failure of the mediation of the United Nations in Peru. It hoped that before the defeat of Argentina, it would be decent to withdraw from the war and to ease the tension between the United States and the United States. Yes, the meba mediation failed to work. The victorious British refused the American proposal. This made the British personnel actually winning the war with the support of the United States. The fourth chapter was the United States' process of dealing with post-war relations, which gradually returned to neutrality. After the end of the war, it faced the severely damaged meilla. The United States has embarked on a series of rehabilitation measures. The process of restoring the US Arab relations was slow before he left office. After Hagrid's departure, the process was greatly accelerated. As the United States finally abolished the economic sanctions against Argentina, the new secretary of state Schultz was more flexible, gentle, and in his arrangement, in Argentina. The country quickly abolished the military sanctions against Argentina. At the same time, in order to ease the relationship between the United States and the United States, Schultz once again emphasized the negotiation of the island dispute in the international community. The United States gave Argentina and Latin American countries moderate support within the scope of the principle. With these efforts, with the establishment of the elected government of Argentina, the relationship between the United States and the United States was 198 At the end of 3 years, the fifth chapter is the third part of the article. The author tries to combine history and theory with three different modes to interpret the American policy in the island war, to fully demonstrate the main factors that affect American diplomatic decision-making and to explore the legacy they bring to the American diplomatic service.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K153

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本文編號：2020744