本文選題：美國(guó) + 尼克松��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：尼克松時(shí)期是戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)外交的政策的重要轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)期,尼克松上臺(tái)后對(duì)美國(guó)外交戰(zhàn)略做了重大調(diào)整,推行“緩和”戰(zhàn)略。但這并沒(méi)有改變其遏制政策的實(shí)質(zhì),而只是在手段上有所變化而已,因此這一時(shí)期的美國(guó)外交政策與前一時(shí)期在本質(zhì)上仍是一脈相承的。在巴拿馬運(yùn)河問(wèn)題上,尼克松在其第一任期內(nèi)堅(jiān)持絕對(duì)控制運(yùn)河的政策,并因此導(dǎo)致了美巴運(yùn)河談判的中斷;到其第二任期內(nèi),由于種種因素的影響,尼克松對(duì)美國(guó)的巴拿馬運(yùn)河政策進(jìn)行了調(diào)整,在美巴共同的努力下,兩國(guó)簽署了巴拿馬運(yùn)河談判8項(xiàng)基本原則,為最終解決運(yùn)河問(wèn)題奠定了原則性基礎(chǔ)。隨后雙方很快便在巴拿馬參與運(yùn)河管理、運(yùn)河防御和運(yùn)河區(qū)管轄權(quán)問(wèn)題上達(dá)成原則性協(xié)議;然而,由于美巴在運(yùn)河問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)不同、美國(guó)政府內(nèi)部各部門在運(yùn)河問(wèn)題上的意見(jiàn)不一和美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選的影響,導(dǎo)致了美巴談判進(jìn)展緩慢。盡管如此,美巴還是通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的交流與溝通,了解了彼此在許多重要問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng),并且在解決土地和海域利用問(wèn)題的方法上達(dá)成了共識(shí);更為重要的是,在談判過(guò)程中雙方在運(yùn)河問(wèn)題上逐步建立起了基本互信,尤其在美國(guó)大選后的談判中,美巴除了在一些具體問(wèn)題上達(dá)成部分原則性的共識(shí)外,他們所表現(xiàn)出的積極合作態(tài)還為美巴的繼續(xù)談判提供了一種可信的發(fā)展動(dòng)力。這些都為卡特上臺(tái)后較快解決運(yùn)河問(wèn)題奠定了重要基礎(chǔ)。尼克松—福特時(shí)期美國(guó)的巴拿馬運(yùn)河政策是美國(guó)出于自身實(shí)力和世界形勢(shì)變化而做出的一種策略性調(diào)整,它并未改變美國(guó)想要永久控制運(yùn)河的目的;其實(shí)質(zhì)是試圖通過(guò)將運(yùn)河區(qū)“歸還”給巴拿馬的同時(shí),保證美國(guó)對(duì)運(yùn)河的繼續(xù)利用及對(duì)運(yùn)河事務(wù)的介入和干預(yù)權(quán),是以放棄對(duì)運(yùn)河外在形式上的控制來(lái)?yè)Q取對(duì)運(yùn)河實(shí)質(zhì)上的永久控制。
[Abstract]:Nixon period was an important turning point of American foreign policy after the war. After Nixon came to power, he made great adjustments to American diplomatic strategy and carried out "detente" strategy. But this does not change the essence of its containment policy, but only changes in the means, so this period of American foreign policy is still essentially the same as the previous period. On the Panama Canal issue, Nixon insisted on the policy of absolute control of the canal during his first term, which led to the suspension of negotiations on the canal between the United States and Pakistan; and during his second term, due to various factors, Nixon adjusted the policy of the Panama Canal of the United States. With the joint efforts of the United States and Pakistan, the two countries signed the eight basic principles of the Panama Canal negotiation, which laid a principled foundation for the final settlement of the canal issue. Soon afterwards, the two sides reached agreement in principle on Panama's participation in the administration of the Canal, the Canal Defence and the jurisdiction of the Canal Zone; however, owing to the different positions of the United States and Pakistan on the Canal, Disagreements within the administration over the canal and the impact of the U.S. presidential election have led to slow progress in negotiations between the United States and Pakistan. Nevertheless, through long-term exchanges and communication, the United States and Pakistan have understood each other's positions on a number of important issues, and have reached consensus on ways to solve the problems of land and sea use; more importantly, In the course of the negotiations, the two sides gradually established basic mutual trust on the canal issue. Especially in the post-election negotiations in the United States, the United States and Pakistan, in addition to reaching some principled consensus on some specific issues, Their positive cooperation also provides a credible impetus for continued negotiations between the US and Pakistan. All these have laid an important foundation for Carter to solve the canal problem quickly after he came to power. The Panama Canal policy of the United States during the Nixon Ford period was a strategic adjustment made by the United States because of its own strength and the changes in the world situation. It did not change the purpose of the United States to control the canal permanently; Its essence is to try to ensure the continued use of the canal and the right to intervene and intervene in its affairs by "returning" the Canal area to Panama, It was to give up external formal control of the canal in exchange for permanent control of the canal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K712.54

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