本文選題：16-18世紀(jì) + 英國(guó)��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：16-18世紀(jì),是英國(guó)從農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)向工業(yè)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。在此期間,鄉(xiāng)紳階層不斷發(fā)展壯大,為了追求利潤(rùn)的最大化,他們?cè)谵r(nóng)業(yè)上率先采用具有資本主義性質(zhì)的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式,推動(dòng)了英國(guó)資本主義發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程。本論文主要從四個(gè)部分論述16-18世紀(jì)鄉(xiāng)紳階層對(duì)英國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式的革新。第一部分簡(jiǎn)要闡述了英國(guó)鄉(xiāng)紳階層的概念、界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及來(lái)源。并得出結(jié)論：鄉(xiāng)紳是地產(chǎn)規(guī)模在貴族與約曼之間的中等階層,其地位處于封建地主與近代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)之間,是一個(gè)正在形成中的農(nóng)業(yè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)。雖然部分鄉(xiāng)紳還保留傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式,但是就其主流而言,已具有明顯的資本主義性質(zhì)。第二部分分析了鄉(xiāng)紳革新農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式的基礎(chǔ)：經(jīng)濟(jì)上,教產(chǎn)拍賣和早期圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)使鄉(xiāng)紳成為占有地產(chǎn)數(shù)量最大的階層：政治上,鄉(xiāng)紳在中央擔(dān)任要職,成為地方治安法官的主要承擔(dān)者,并且在下院的權(quán)勢(shì)日漸上升,造成鄉(xiāng)紳“入侵議會(huì)”的局面；在文化上,鄉(xiāng)紳階層接受大學(xué)教育的人數(shù)逐漸增多,帶動(dòng)了英國(guó)政府和法律等部門成員接受高等教育的比例,從而具備了成為革新英國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式先鋒的條件。第三部分從微觀視角分析了鄉(xiāng)紳階層在轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式的過(guò)程中扮演的先鋒角色,包括引進(jìn)新作物和改良畜牧業(yè)、推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)革新、依靠雇傭勞動(dòng)經(jīng)營(yíng)、以及注重農(nóng)業(yè)市場(chǎng)化經(jīng)營(yíng)具體形式。第四部分梳理了鄉(xiāng)紳階層對(duì)英國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式革新的意義：促進(jìn)了英國(guó)向資本主義農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變；推動(dòng)了英國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)革命的進(jìn)程；并且踐行了“人生而平等”和“追求現(xiàn)世幸福”等人文主義精神。
[Abstract]:The 16-18 th century was the key period for Britain to transform from agricultural society to industrial society. During this period, the squire class continued to grow, in order to pursue the maximum of profits, they took the lead in agriculture to adopt the capitalist management mode, which promoted the development and modernization of British capitalism. This paper mainly discusses the innovation of British agricultural management in 16-18 th century by squire class from four parts. The first part briefly describes the concept of the British squire class, the definition of standards and sources. It is concluded that the squire is the middle class between the aristocrats and Yoman on the scale of real estate, and its status lies between the feudal landlords and the modern bourgeoisie, and is a developing agricultural bourgeoisie. Although some squire still retain the traditional agricultural management mode, but its mainstream, already has the obvious capitalist nature. The second part analyzes the basis of the squire's innovation in agricultural management: economically, the auctioneering of teaching property and the early enclosure movement made the squire the largest class occupying the real estate. Politically, the squire holds the important position in the central government. He became the chief bearer of the magistrates, and his power in the lower house increased, which led to the "invasion of parliament" by the squire. Culturally, the number of members of the squire class receiving university education gradually increased. It promotes the ratio of higher education to the members of the government and the law department, which makes it possible to be a pioneer in the reform of agricultural management in the United Kingdom. The third part analyzes the vanguard role played by the squire in the process of changing the mode of agricultural management from the micro perspective, including introducing new crops and improving animal husbandry, promoting agricultural technological innovation, and relying on wage labor management. As well as focus on the specific form of agricultural market-oriented management. The fourth part combs the meaning of the squire class to the innovation of the British agricultural management mode: promotes the British to the capitalist agricultural management mode transformation, has promoted the British agricultural revolution process; And has practiced the humanism spirit such as "the life is equal" and "pursues the present world happiness" and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：K561.4

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