發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-12 07:18

  本文選題：美國(guó) + 歷史教科書�。� 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：美國(guó)歷史與建國(guó)歷程的特殊性促使殖民地時(shí)期已經(jīng)存在的盎格魯撒克遜傳統(tǒng)觀念沉寂下來(lái)。建國(guó)初期，歷史教育的目標(biāo)是致力于文化的獨(dú)立發(fā)展，從事教科書撰寫的業(yè)余史家主要強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的英雄及其美德，對(duì)原來(lái)宗主國(guó)英國(guó)大多側(cè)重了殘暴與專制的敘述。至19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初，國(guó)際與國(guó)內(nèi)新形勢(shì)的促使下，美國(guó)上層社會(huì)出現(xiàn)了追溯盎格魯撒克遜主義的呼聲，進(jìn)而，，在專業(yè)史家興起并逐步取代業(yè)余史家治史的過程中，歷史教科書在內(nèi)容上有了較大的變化，不僅展現(xiàn)了英雄人物或歷史事件不光采的一面，而且出現(xiàn)了明顯的“親英”傾向，由此，盎格魯撒克遜主義得以重新復(fù)蘇。這些變化引發(fā)了社會(huì)各界激烈且持續(xù)的爭(zhēng)論，至20世紀(jì)20年代在政治力量的加入下發(fā)生了著名的教科書“叛國(guó)”案。但是，在當(dāng)時(shí)特殊的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等因素的共同作用下，在新移民問題的激發(fā)下，專業(yè)史家的“親英”版本教科書在爭(zhēng)論中不斷得到公眾的認(rèn)可與推行，其所宣揚(yáng)的盎格魯撒克遜主義也成為時(shí)代主流。 正文包括五部分： 第一部分回顧盎格魯撒克遜主義在北美殖民地的起源與沉寂；第二部分指出建國(guó)初期美國(guó)國(guó)家特性被界定為英雄美德式的例外主義，由之，歷史教科書側(cè)重獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的英雄及其美德，將英國(guó)描繪為殘暴與專制的敵人形象；第三部分分析19、20世紀(jì)之交的國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)際新形勢(shì)刺激下，專業(yè)史家“親英”版本教科書出現(xiàn)，促使盎格魯撒克遜主義得以復(fù)蘇；第四部分闡述專業(yè)史家“親英”版本教科書引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)論，特別分析20世紀(jì)20年代著名的歷史教科書“叛國(guó)”案；第五部分指出在新移民浪潮的刺激下，在本土化運(yùn)動(dòng)和美國(guó)化運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程中，“親英”版本歷史教科書被廣泛接受，盎格魯撒克遜主義作為主流意識(shí)形態(tài)得以確立，強(qiáng)化了美國(guó)在種族方面的國(guó)家特性。 總之，美國(guó)的歷史教科書是一個(gè)特殊且復(fù)雜紛繁的范疇，不僅僅是單純的文化產(chǎn)品，更是政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的復(fù)合品，是社會(huì)時(shí)代動(dòng)態(tài)的一個(gè)縮影。其中，盎格魯撒克遜主義的確立過程就反映了不同時(shí)期、不同群體的文化認(rèn)知和文化斗爭(zhēng)，進(jìn)而從一個(gè)新的角度呈現(xiàn)了美國(guó)的社會(huì)變遷。
[Abstract]:The particularity of American history and the founding of the country made the Anglo-Saxon tradition that existed during the colonial period subside. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the goal of history education was to devote himself to the independent development of culture. Amateur historians engaged in textbook writing mainly emphasized the heroes and virtues of the War of Independence, and most of the narratives of the former sovereign country, England, focused on cruelty and despotism. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the call of Anglo-Saxon doctrine appeared in the upper class of the United States under the new international and domestic situation, and then, in the process of professional historians rising and gradually replacing amateur historians in the process of studying history. The content of history textbooks has changed greatly, not only showing the unglamorous side of heroes or historical events, but also showing an obvious "pro-British" tendency, thus, Anglo-Saxon doctrine can recover again. These changes led to fierce and continuous debates in all walks of life, until the famous textbook "treason" case took place in the 1920s with the participation of political forces. However, under the influence of special political, economic and cultural factors at that time, and inspired by the issue of new immigrants, professional historians'"pro-English" version textbooks were constantly recognized and implemented by the public during the debate. The Anglo-Saxon doctrine advocated by it has also become the mainstream of the times. The text includes five parts: the first part reviews the origin and silence of Anglo-Saxon doctrine in the North American colonies; The second part points out that the national identity of the United States was defined as the exceptionalism of heroic virtue in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Therefore, history textbooks focus on the heroes and their virtues in the War of Independence, and portray Britain as an enemy of cruelty and despotism. The third part analyzes the domestic at the turn of the 20th century, under the new international situation, professional historians "pro-English" version of the textbook appeared, promoting the recovery of Anglo-Saxon doctrine; The fourth part expounds the controversy caused by the "pro-English" version of professional historians, especially the case of "treason" in the famous history textbook of the 1920s. The fifth part points out that under the stimulation of the new immigrant wave, In the process of localization and Americanization, the "pro-English" version of history textbooks was widely accepted, and Anglo-Saxon ideology was established as the mainstream ideology, which strengthened the national identity of the United States in terms of race. American history textbook is a special and complicated category. It is not only a simple cultural product, but also a political, economic and cultural compound. It is a microcosm of the social times. Among them, the establishment process of Anglo-Saxon doctrine reflects the cultural cognition and cultural struggle of different groups in different periods, and then presents the social changes of the United States from a new angle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K712

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