本文選題：印度 + 卡納塔克邦��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 印度是偉大而古老的國家,有著燦爛輝煌的古代文明。在公元前3000-4000年,形成了一種獨(dú)具特色的等級(jí)制度——種姓制度。種姓制度發(fā)展到近現(xiàn)代,在20世紀(jì)70年代關(guān)于種姓制度的研究中,盛行一個(gè)新的名詞——達(dá)里特人,他們是在社會(huì)各個(gè)方面受到壓迫和剝削的落后種姓,其社會(huì)生存狀況受到研究者的關(guān)注。 本文選擇印度南部的卡納塔克邦農(nóng)村地區(qū)達(dá)里特人的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況作為主要的研究對(duì)象。首先對(duì)于當(dāng)代種姓制殘余、達(dá)里特人名稱的由來和含義、卡納塔克邦的達(dá)里特人作了簡單的介紹和說明,為下一步的研究鋪平道路。 文章的第二部分分為三個(gè)小節(jié),分別介紹達(dá)里特人的生活現(xiàn)狀,職業(yè)、收入和債務(wù)狀況,教育狀況。達(dá)里特人生活極端貧困,消費(fèi)資料缺乏。從事農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)使得日常收入不足。收入過低就導(dǎo)致了普遍的負(fù)債現(xiàn)象。教育領(lǐng)域雖取得了一定的成就,但仍處于落后狀況。所以,達(dá)里特人整體的日常生活狀況慘淡,缺衣少食,公共教育、醫(yī)療、交通設(shè)施缺乏。但是印度中央和地方政府做出了多種努力來改變達(dá)里特種姓的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。 文章的第三部分是主要闡述卡納塔克邦達(dá)里特人處于怎樣的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系中。他們絕大多數(shù)是小農(nóng)、邊際農(nóng)和農(nóng)業(yè)雇工,由于債務(wù)的存在還有一部分人淪為契約勞工。達(dá)里特人經(jīng)濟(jì)落后的現(xiàn)狀無法得到根本扭轉(zhuǎn)最主要原因在于土地改革的不徹底,達(dá)里特人的土地問題沒有得到解決。 總而言之,改善達(dá)里特人的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況還將是印度政府必須長期努力工作的要點(diǎn)之一,這項(xiàng)任務(wù)仍任重而道遠(yuǎn)。
[Abstract]:India is a great and ancient country with a splendid ancient civilization. In 3000-4000 BC, a distinctive caste system was formed. The caste system developed to modern times. In the study of the caste system in the 1970s, a new noun was prevailing-the Dalit, who were backward castes that were oppressed and exploited in all aspects of society. This paper chooses the economic situation of Darriet people in rural Karnataka state in southern India as the main research object. First of all, for the remains of the contemporary caste system, the origin and meaning of the name of the Dalit, Karnataka Darrit made a brief introduction and explanation, paving the way for the next research. The second part of the article is divided into three sections. This paper introduces the current situation of life, occupation, income and debt, and education of Dalit people. The Dalits live in extreme poverty and lack of data on consumption. Working in agriculture leads to a lack of daily income. Low incomes lead to widespread indebtedness. Although some achievements have been made in the field of education, they are still lagging behind. As a result, the Dariths as a whole have poor daily lives, food and clothing, public education, health care, and transportation. But India's central and local governments have made a number of efforts to change the economic situation of the Dalit family name. The third part of the article focuses on how the Karnataka Dalit people are in agricultural economic relations. Most of them are smallholder farmers, marginal farmers and farm workers, and some of them are indentured because of their debt. The fact that the Dalits' economic backwardness cannot be fundamentally reversed is mainly due to the incomplete land reform and the unresolved land problems of the Darites. Improving the Dalit economy will also be one of the key elements of the Indian government's long-term effort, a task that still has a long way to go.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K351

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本文編號(hào)：2008408