本文選題：英國 + 中世紀(jì)晚期��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 中世紀(jì)晚期英國保護(hù)主義政策主要是指14-15世紀(jì)英國政府出臺(tái)的保護(hù)本國經(jīng)濟(jì)和促進(jìn)其發(fā)展的政策措施。中世紀(jì)晚期英國經(jīng)歷了一系列的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)上的變化,這對(duì)英國政府政策的制定有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。隨著資本主義工商業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展和國內(nèi)民族意識(shí)的不斷增強(qiáng),英國政府制定的政策帶有明顯的保護(hù)和促進(jìn)國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的特征。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)這一問題還沒有進(jìn)行十分深入、系統(tǒng)的研究。本文主要對(duì)這一問題進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致地剖析,通過結(jié)合時(shí)代背景分析出其產(chǎn)生的原因,梳理出14-15世紀(jì)英國保護(hù)主義政策的脈絡(luò),以及揭示出這些政策的制定和執(zhí)行對(duì)英國的影響。 本文主要分為三章。第一章主要分析保護(hù)主義政策出臺(tái)的原因。首先,中世紀(jì)晚期西歐出現(xiàn)了銀荒,在人們的觀念里金銀積累是國家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的大目標(biāo)。西歐許多國家為了能夠在同其它國家經(jīng)濟(jì)交往中獲取利益和促進(jìn)本國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,都奉行保護(hù)主義的政策。在這樣的大環(huán)境下,英國政府也加快了實(shí)施保護(hù)主義政策的步伐。其次,在中世紀(jì)的很長時(shí)期里,在英國的外國商人尤其是漢薩商人和意大利商人所享有的特權(quán)引發(fā)了英國商人的對(duì)抗。中世紀(jì)晚期英國商人為了獨(dú)立自主的發(fā)展本國貿(mào)易和開拓海外貿(mào)易,不斷排斥外國商人的勢(shì)力。英國商人不斷地向國王請(qǐng)?jiān)?要求政府出臺(tái)限制和打擊外國商人的政策。最后,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,到中世紀(jì)晚期,英國商人的實(shí)力也有了持續(xù)的提高,他們與統(tǒng)治者加強(qiáng)了聯(lián)系。這也推動(dòng)了政府出臺(tái)保護(hù)本國商人的政策。 第二章主要從商業(yè)和手工業(yè)兩個(gè)方面,對(duì)中世紀(jì)晚期英國保護(hù)主義政策做了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的梳理。在商業(yè)中,政府主要通過稅收政策和外國人寄宿主制度來限制外國商人。政府主要通過建立羊毛集中地制度,支持冒險(xiǎn)商人建立冒險(xiǎn)商人公司,與其它國家政府簽訂一系列商業(yè)條約來扶植本國的商人。與此同時(shí),政府還采取政策來扶植本國航運(yùn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,堅(jiān)決貫徹鼓勵(lì)金銀進(jìn)口、禁止金銀出口的政策。在手工業(yè)中,政府主要通過稅收政策和移民政策來促進(jìn)呢絨業(yè)的發(fā)展,以及通過商品進(jìn)出口管制及質(zhì)量監(jiān)督來促進(jìn)本國手工業(yè)發(fā)展。 第三章主要分析保護(hù)主義政策的影響。保護(hù)主義政策在一定程度上促進(jìn)了英國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。保護(hù)主義政策促進(jìn)了英國手工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,形成了許多新興的紡織業(yè)中心,并進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了英國資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的發(fā)展。保護(hù)主義政策提升了英國商人在商業(yè)活動(dòng)中的競(jìng)爭力和海上實(shí)力。保護(hù)主義政策使英國國內(nèi)保持了相當(dāng)數(shù)量的貨幣及金銀儲(chǔ)備,推動(dòng)了早期重商主義在英國的發(fā)展。保護(hù)主義政策是將英國人的民族情感與經(jīng)濟(jì)問題聯(lián)系的紐帶,并具有強(qiáng)烈地排他性的特征。這些,對(duì)英國民族國家的成長具有重要的影響。 總之,中世紀(jì)晚期英國保護(hù)主義政策的出現(xiàn)有其歷史的必然性,是多種因素合力的結(jié)果。中世紀(jì)晚期英國保護(hù)主義政策體現(xiàn)在很多經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域,尤其是商業(yè)上。中世紀(jì)晚期英國保護(hù)主義政策對(duì)處于上升時(shí)期的英國以巨大的推動(dòng)力。
[Abstract]:British Protectionism in the late Middle Ages mainly refers to the policy measures adopted by the British government in the 14th to 15th centuries . The British government has experienced a series of political and economic changes in the late Middle Ages .



This paper is divided into three chapters . The first chapter mainly analyzes the reasons for the policy of protectionism . First , in the late middle of the Middle Ages , the British businessman has accelerated the policy of protectionism . In the long period of the Middle Ages , the British businessman has also accelerated the policy of protectionism . In the long period of the Middle Ages , British businessmen constantly asked the king and asked the government to introduce policies to limit and combat foreign businessmen . Finally , with the development of the economy , the strength of British businessmen has improved continuously , and they have strengthened ties with the rulers . This also promoted the government ' s policy of protecting their businessmen .



In the second chapter , a systematic review of the British protectionist policies in the late Middle Ages was carried out mainly from two aspects of commercial and hand industry . In commerce , the government mainly restricted foreign businessmen through tax policy and foreign host system . At the same time , the government adopted policies to foster the development of domestic shipping industry , and resolutely carried out policies to encourage the import of gold and silver and prohibit the export of gold and silver . In the handicrafts industry , the government mainly adopted tax policies and immigration policies to promote the development of the woolen industry , and promoted the development of domestic handicraft industry through the import and export control and quality supervision of commodities .



The protectionist policies promote the development of Britain ' s handicrafts economy , form many new textile industry centers , and further promote the development of British capitalist production relations . Protectionist policies promote British businessmen ' s competitiveness and maritime power in commercial activities . Protectionist policies promote the development of British businessmen in business activities . Protectionist policies are a link between British people ' s national feelings and economic problems and have strong exclusive characteristics . These are important implications for the growth of British nation States .



In short , the emergence of British protectionism in the late Middle Ages has its historical inevitability , and it is the result of a combination of factors . The British protectionist policies in the late Middle Ages are embodied in many economic fields , especially in commerce . British protectionist policies in the late Middle Ages exert great impetus on Britain in the rising period .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K561.3

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