本文選題：美國(guó) + 新保守主義��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 美國(guó)的新保守主義思想是20世紀(jì)60年代以來(lái)出現(xiàn)的一種保守主義,由于有別于美國(guó)共和黨的傳統(tǒng)保守主義,因此被稱為“新保守主義”。新保守主義主要從自由主義轉(zhuǎn)變而來(lái),一些左派自由主義分子反對(duì)20世紀(jì)60年代自由主義的激進(jìn)變革,思想趨于保守,從而形成新保守主義。美國(guó)的新保守主義勃興于里根時(shí)代,在經(jīng)過(guò)短暫的沉寂后,乘著喬治·W.布什入主白宮之東風(fēng),再度左右了美國(guó)內(nèi)政外交與國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略。一批新保守主義者同時(shí)把持著名思想庫(kù)和輿論喉舌,為之搖旗吶喊,引起國(guó)內(nèi)外的巨大關(guān)注。對(duì)美國(guó)新保守主義思想及其實(shí)踐進(jìn)行研究,有助于我們更加透徹地理解美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)外政策的制定背景、執(zhí)行效果及其帶來(lái)的影響,也有助于我們更準(zhǔn)確地把握美國(guó)的未來(lái)走向,為構(gòu)建和諧的中美關(guān)系做出預(yù)見(jiàn)性的分析。 本文運(yùn)用唯物主義史觀和定性分析的研究方法,在借鑒相關(guān)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)美國(guó)新保守主義思想及其實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了深入研究。對(duì)于美國(guó)新保守主義思想的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的研究,本文以時(shí)序?yàn)檩S線,分別探討了其產(chǎn)生的背景及其發(fā)展的三個(gè)階段。對(duì)于該思想在美國(guó)的實(shí)踐,論文主要選取了有針對(duì)性和代表性的幾個(gè)時(shí)段和領(lǐng)域,較為全面地反映了該思潮對(duì)于美國(guó)的深遠(yuǎn)影響。 新保守主義的興起有著深刻的社會(huì)根源,它是壟斷資本主義發(fā)展及其矛盾日益加深的必然產(chǎn)物。美國(guó)的新保守主義思想則是戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)自由主義和傳統(tǒng)保守主義的“新綜合”。它是作為自由主義的對(duì)立物而出現(xiàn)的,同時(shí),由于美國(guó)歷史傳統(tǒng)和社會(huì)狀況的影響,這種新興的保守主義思潮也繼承了美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的保守主義理論體系。新保守主義在美國(guó)的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)經(jīng)歷了20世紀(jì)60年代后期和整個(gè)70年代的從萌芽到漸成規(guī)模,80年代和冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后幾年的勃興和沉寂,到20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)的再次復(fù)興和輝煌。經(jīng)過(guò)70年代到90年代的發(fā)展,新保守主義逐步發(fā)展完善了其理論基礎(chǔ),成為美國(guó)政治舞臺(tái)上一支重要力量。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后,新保守主義思想在很大程度上幾乎主導(dǎo)了美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)外政策的制定原則和執(zhí)行方向。 美國(guó)的新保守主義與傳統(tǒng)的保守主義及其它的社會(huì)思潮有著許多不同之處,其新意主要體現(xiàn)在“自然權(quán)利學(xué)說(shuō)”的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和對(duì)國(guó)家對(duì)外政策與國(guó)際關(guān)系的關(guān)注上。美國(guó)新保守主義思想的主要觀點(diǎn)包括了對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、階級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)平等、民主制度以及對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略等內(nèi)容的思考,形成了較為系統(tǒng)的理論主張。 作為一種影響深遠(yuǎn)的社會(huì)思潮,美國(guó)的新保守主義自產(chǎn)生之日起就通過(guò)政府內(nèi)外的新保守派付諸實(shí)踐。該思潮在實(shí)踐層面的影響主要體現(xiàn)于美國(guó)的外交政策和國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略決策上,同時(shí)也深刻地影響著美國(guó)政府的對(duì)華政策。新保守派是美國(guó)的新保守主義思想得以付諸實(shí)踐的執(zhí)行者,他們?cè)谡械牡匚缓陀绊懥?使得美國(guó)政府的國(guó)內(nèi)政策、外交防務(wù)、對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略乃至對(duì)華政策都深深地刻上了新保守主義的烙印。從里根主義到新里根主義,反映出新保守主義思想仍然留存著濃厚的冷戰(zhàn)思維,也彰顯了新保守主義極強(qiáng)的自我調(diào)節(jié)和完善能力。布什新政府從“布什主義”到“新布什主義”的外交政策的變化,是對(duì)在新保守派主導(dǎo)下單邊主義外交政策反思的結(jié)果,但這種變化的最終目的終究還是為了構(gòu)建美國(guó)主導(dǎo)下的單極世界。冷戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)新保守主義制造了一系列對(duì)華政策話語(yǔ),成為影響中美關(guān)系發(fā)展的重要因素。
[Abstract]:The Neo conservatism in the United States is a conservatism since the 1960s. Because of its traditional conservatism, it is called "Neo conservatism". The new conservatism mainly comes from liberalism, and some leftist liberalism disagrees with the radical change of the liberalism in 1960s. The ideas tend to be conservative, thus forming new conservatism. The new conservatism of the United States flourished in the era of Reagan. After a short silence, George W. Bush became the east wind of the White House, and the American internal and foreign affairs and national strategy were left and right. A group of new conservatives held the famous thought bank and the voice of public opinion to shake the flag at the same time. The study of American Neo conservatism and its practice will help us to understand more thoroughly the background of the policy making at home and abroad, the effect and the influence of the United States, and help us to grasp the future trend of the United States more accurately and make a preview of the construction of a harmonious Sino US relationship. See the analysis of sex.
Based on the research methods of historical materialism and qualitative analysis, this paper makes a thorough study of American Neo conservatism and its practice on the basis of relevant domestic and foreign research results. The research on the development of American Neo conservatism thought is based on time series as the axis, and discusses its background and development. The three stages of the exhibition. With regard to the practice of the thought in the United States, the paper mainly selects several periods and fields of pertinence and representativeness, which reflect the far-reaching influence of this trend of thought on the United States.
The rise of Neo conservatism has a profound social root. It is the inevitable product of the development of monopoly capitalism and the deepening of its contradictions. The new conservative ideology of the United States is the "new synthesis" of the post-war American traditional liberalism and traditional conservatism. It appears as a antagonist of liberalism, at the same time, as a result of the American calendar. The influence of historical traditions and social conditions, this new conservative trend of conservatism also inherited the traditional American conservative theory system. The development of new conservatism in the United States experienced the beginning of the 1960s and the whole 70s from the germination to the gradual formation, the prosperity and silence of the years after the 80s and the end of the cold war, to twentieth Century 90 After the 70s to 90s, the new conservatism gradually developed and perfected its theoretical basis and became an important force on the political stage of the United States. After the entry of twenty-first Century, the new conservatism thought to a large extent led to the principle and direction of the formulation of domestic and foreign policy in the United States.
The new conservatism in the United States has many differences with the traditional conservatism and other social trends. Its new meaning is mainly embodied in the philosophical basis of the "natural rights theory" and the attention to the national foreign policy and international relations. The main points of the American Neo conservative thought include the social development, class structure and society. The thinking of equality, democracy and foreign strategy has formed a more systematic theoretical proposition.
As a far-reaching social trend of thought, the new conservatism in the United States has been put into practice from the new conservatives inside and outside the government since its emergence. The influence of this trend on the practical level is mainly reflected in the American foreign policy and international strategic decision, but also deeply affects the American government's policy towards China. The new conservatives are beautiful. The status and influence of the new conservatism thought in the government, their position and influence in the government made the American government's domestic policy, diplomatic defense, foreign strategy and even China's policy deeply engraved with the brand of new conservatism. From Reagan to new Reagan, the new conservatism is still retained. The strong self-regulation and perfection of the new conservatism, with a strong cold war thinking, is the result of the change of the foreign policy of Bush's new government from "Bush doctrine" to "new Bush doctrine", which is the result of the reflection on the unilateralism foreign policy under the new conservatives, but the final purpose of this change is still to be constructed. The United States led the unipolar world. After the cold war, US Neo conservatism created a series of policy discourse on China, and became an important factor affecting the development of Sino US relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K712.54

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李文宇;中日民間外交的肇始[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1958318