本文選題：圈地運(yùn)動(dòng) + 田制��； 參考：《天津師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文通過1500年-1750年圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)的研究,結(jié)合15-18世紀(jì)英國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的具體史實(shí)以及西方著名學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn),主要探討了這一時(shí)期田制發(fā)生巨大變革的過程。 1500-1750年的早期圈地運(yùn)動(dòng),上承13、14世紀(jì)莊園制的解體,下啟18世紀(jì)議會(huì)圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)。它既是田制發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型的原因,同時(shí)也是田制發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型的結(jié)果。英國(guó)在經(jīng)歷了大約四個(gè)世紀(jì)的圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)之后,成功地完成了一場(chǎng)重大的田制變遷,為英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期繁榮發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 本文的具體論述結(jié)構(gòu)如下： 第一章即文章的緒論。這一章具有綜述的性質(zhì),在綜合分析中西學(xué)者對(duì)圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)早期圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行定義、時(shí)間和范圍的限定。 第二章對(duì)16世紀(jì)以前的英格蘭的田制做了介紹。指出當(dāng)時(shí)各地區(qū)的土地保有制和耕作方式的特點(diǎn),這些導(dǎo)致了在早期圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生時(shí)各地區(qū)的反應(yīng)不同。 第三章是本文的重點(diǎn)。論述了中世紀(jì)時(shí)期普通法對(duì)土地保有權(quán)的保護(hù),以及圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生、發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),進(jìn)而分析圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)中哪些農(nóng)民你成為了失去土地的主要對(duì)象,以盡量還原歷史真相。 第四章論述了圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)引起了土地所有權(quán)由分散到統(tǒng)一、由公共到私有、由模糊到明晰的過程,最終初步確立了個(gè)人土地私有制。 第五章分析了圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)后農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)提高、耕作方式的改進(jìn)和新的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式的出現(xiàn),這些成為英國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。 第六章對(duì)比分析了法國(guó)從中世紀(jì)時(shí)期土地保有情況和耕作情況。論述了法國(guó)圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)的大體概況,分析了法國(guó)圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有大規(guī)模推行的原因,進(jìn)而探討法國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)落后于英國(guó)的原因。 第七章總結(jié)全文并加以綜論。
[Abstract]:Through the study of the enclosure movement from 1500 to 1750, combined with the concrete historical facts in the field of agricultural development in Britain in the 15-18 century and the viewpoints of famous western scholars, this paper mainly discusses the process of the great transformation of the field system in this period. The early enclosure movement in 1500-1750, the disintegration of the manor system in the 1300s, and the 18th century parliamentary enclosure movement. It is not only the reason of the transformation of the farmland system, but also the result of the transformation of the farmland system. After about four centuries of enclosure movement, Britain successfully completed a major change of land system, which laid a solid foundation for the long-term prosperity and development of British economy. The specific structure of this paper is as follows: The first chapter is the introduction of the article. This chapter has the nature of a summary, on the basis of synthetically analyzing the understanding of Chinese and Western scholars to the enclosure movement, the definition, time and scope of the early circle movement are limited. The second chapter introduces the fields of England before the 16 th century. It is pointed out that the characteristics of land tenure and farming practices in different regions at that time resulted in different responses in different regions during the early stage of the enclosure movement. The third chapter is the focus of this paper. This paper discusses the protection of land tenure by the common law in the Middle Ages, and the context of the occurrence and development of the enclosure movement, and then analyzes which peasants have become the main objects of losing their land in the enclosure movement, in order to restore the historical truth as far as possible. The fourth chapter discusses the process of land ownership from decentralization to unification, from public to private, from ambiguity to clarity, and finally establishes the private ownership of individual land. The fifth chapter analyzes the improvement of agricultural production technology, the improvement of farming methods and the emergence of new management methods after the enclosure movement, which become the basis of agricultural development in Britain. Chapter six contrasts and analyses the land tenure and cultivation in France since the Middle Ages. This paper discusses the general situation of the French enclosure movement, analyzes the reasons why the French enclosure movement has not been carried out on a large scale, and then probes into the reasons why French agriculture lags behind Britain. The seventh chapter summarizes the full text and gives a comprehensive discussion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K561.3

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