本文選題：都鐸王朝 + 中央��； 參考：《上海外國語大學》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 都鐸君主的統(tǒng)治自1485年亨利七世加冕開始,到1603年伊麗莎白一世去世截止�，旣愐皇篮鸵聋惿滓皇赖慕y(tǒng)治,即從1553年到1603年,占據(jù)了都鐸王朝晚期的歷史。這段時間是英國從封建社會向資本主義社會轉變的時期。形成中的資產(chǎn)階級在社會上竭力開辟新的發(fā)展空間。中世紀政治舞臺上最活躍的兩大勢力——國王和貴族不得不對他們刮目相看,為了擴大彼此間對抗的基礎,也注意尋求他們的支持。三者之間微妙的關系在中央與地方政府的互動過程中得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。 本篇論文的主體部分由四章構成:(1)第一章首先介紹都鐸王朝晚期的國際背景,為后面將要敘述的合作和斗爭情況預置下了歷史框架。此外,本章還就君主、世襲貴族和中等階級精英之間的相互關系進行了系統(tǒng)的分析,旨在以此為基礎對中央和地方政府之間的互動以及三股政治力量之間的斗爭情況形成一種全面透徹的認識。(2)第二、三、四章分別從政治、經(jīng)濟、社會治安三個方面對互動行為作具體闡述。除一些經(jīng)常被討論的題目之外,本章還涉及到征兵、叛亂和專賣權授予等較少出現(xiàn)的論題。選擇這些論題的原因在于,它們對地方政府的運作情況涉及較多,而在其他論題中則較少有體現(xiàn)。此外,在每章的結尾,筆者對都鐸王朝晚期,中央與地方政府之間互動所造成的歷史影響進行了分類總結。 基于上述分析,筆者得出以下結論:(1)在中央與地方的互動過程中,英國終于蛻變成為一個民族國家。筆者從五點出發(fā),對這一結論進行了論證。(2)都鐸王朝晚期,由于來自外部環(huán)境的威脅更加突出,因此國內階級矛盾得以被控制在一個相對平和的狀態(tài)。中等階級正逐漸擴大自身在議會中的席位,封建君主和世襲貴族的勢力則在逐漸減弱,在三者的互動過程中,中等階級獲利最大。當時,英國遵循的是政治漸進原則,盡量避免爆發(fā)革命,以便達到生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易方面的更高水平。這實質上是都鐸社會上中等階級所做的政治妥協(xié),也是英國“保守、改良”政治文化的突出體現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Tudor reigned from the coronation of Henry VII in 1485 to the death of Elizabeth I in 1603. The reign of Mary I and Elizabeth I, from 1553 to 1603, occupied the history of the late Tudor dynasty. This period was a period of transition from feudal society to capitalist society. The forming bourgeoisie is striving to open up new space for development in society. The two most active powers in the medieval political arena, kings and nobles, had to look forward to their support in order to broaden the basis for confrontation. The subtle relationship between the three has been fully reflected in the interaction between central and local governments. The first chapter introduces the international background of the late Tudor Dynasty and sets the historical framework for the cooperation and struggle to be described later. In addition, this chapter makes a systematic analysis of the interrelationship among monarchs, hereditary aristocrats and middle class elites. The purpose of this is to form a comprehensive and thorough understanding of the interaction between the central and local governments and the struggle between the three political forces. Three aspects of social security to the specific elaboration of interactive behavior. In addition to some oft-discussed topics, this chapter deals with less common topics such as conscription, insurrection, and grant of monopoly power. The reason for choosing these topics is that they are more involved in the operation of local governments than in other topics. In addition, at the end of each chapter, the author classifies and summarizes the historical influence caused by the interaction between central and local governments in the late Tudor dynasty. Based on the above analysis, the author draws the following conclusion: 1) in the course of the interaction between central and local governments, Britain has finally become a nation-state. Starting from five points, the author demonstrates this conclusion in the late Tudor Dynasty, because the threat from the external environment is more prominent, so the domestic class contradiction can be controlled in a relatively peaceful state. The middle class is gradually expanding its seats in the parliament, the feudal monarch and hereditary aristocracy are gradually weakening, in the process of interaction, the middle class is the most profitable. At the time, Britain was guided by the principle of political progressiveness, avoiding revolutions in order to reach higher levels of production and trade. In essence, it is the political compromise made by the middle class in Tudor society and the prominent embodiment of British "conservative and improved" political culture.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K561.33

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