本文選題：蘇聯(lián) + 改革�。� 參考：《中共中央黨�！�2012年博士論文

【摘要】：1964年10月，蘇共中央以“違背列寧主義集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)原則”和“沒有能力糾正所犯下的錯(cuò)誤”等為由迫使赫魯曉夫辭職，選舉勃列日涅夫擔(dān)任蘇共中央第一書記。勃列日涅夫上臺(tái)后，在他面前擺著兩條道路，繼續(xù)深化赫魯曉夫的改革抑或重新回到斯大林體制。在勃列日涅夫身邊改革勢力和保守勢力并存，他們都試圖影響勃列日涅夫，作出有利于自己方面的政策選擇。最終，勃列日涅夫走上了重新斯大林化的道路。在勃列日涅夫主持下，斯大林體制得以重新恢復(fù)并再度加強(qiáng)。 在勃列日涅夫主政蘇聯(lián)18年的時(shí)間，“發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì)主義”理論統(tǒng)領(lǐng)一切，“改革”成為敏感詞語，盡管各種阻礙社會(huì)發(fā)展的深層次矛盾均已顯現(xiàn)，但在“穩(wěn)定”與“完善”的遮蔽下，一切都被人為掩蓋。勃列日涅夫時(shí)期嚴(yán)重的不作為與“停滯”，為戈?duì)柊蛦谭驎r(shí)期改革的積重難返埋下了伏筆。通過研究勃列日涅夫時(shí)期的蘇聯(lián)重新斯大林化，進(jìn)而揭示蘇聯(lián)解體的深刻原因教訓(xùn)也成為當(dāng)下蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)主義建設(shè)問題研究不可繞過的一個(gè)重要話題。本文力圖通過對(duì)相關(guān)檔案資料和著述的整理與分析，研究勃列日涅夫重新恢復(fù)斯大林體制的方法、過程、原因、教訓(xùn)等問題。 全文由導(dǎo)論、正文和結(jié)論三部分組成，正文共計(jì)六章。 第一章，簡要回顧了赫魯曉夫時(shí)期的改革。斯大林逝世后，改革并不是赫魯曉夫一個(gè)人的意見，而是包括馬林科夫、貝利亞等人在內(nèi)的整個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體的共識(shí)。赫魯曉夫的“解凍”讓多年受壓抑的蘇聯(lián)人呼吸到了新鮮空氣。赫魯曉夫的改革對(duì)斯大林體制形成了一定的沖擊，但最終并沒有脫離斯大林體制的窠臼，這也是赫魯曉夫改革失敗的一個(gè)原因。 第二章，詳細(xì)分析了勃列日涅夫時(shí)期重新斯大林化的過程。這其中包括停止平反工作，重新為斯大林恢復(fù)名譽(yù)；加強(qiáng)意識(shí)形態(tài)工作，嚴(yán)格控制各種新思想的發(fā)表；提出發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì)主義理論，阻礙改革理論探討；鎮(zhèn)壓東歐國家改革，防止改革精神蔓延。 第三章，總結(jié)了勃列日涅夫時(shí)期強(qiáng)化斯大林體制的具體措施。這其中包括加強(qiáng)意識(shí)形態(tài)和文化領(lǐng)域控制，打壓持不同政見者；停止政治民主化進(jìn)程，重新實(shí)行干部任期終身制度；終止新經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，使部門管理和中央集權(quán)再次強(qiáng)化。 第四章，分析了勃列日涅夫重新斯大林化的特點(diǎn)。勃列日涅夫時(shí)期斯大林體制的重新恢復(fù)并加強(qiáng)，是一種悄悄地、漸進(jìn)地向斯大林回歸，而不是完全恢復(fù)到斯大林時(shí)代。與斯大林時(shí)代不同，勃列日涅夫時(shí)期無論是恢復(fù)斯大林體制的方法，還是強(qiáng)化斯大林體制的過程都沒有使用流血清洗手段。 第五章，總結(jié)了勃列日涅夫時(shí)期重新恢復(fù)斯大林體制帶來的嚴(yán)重后果。這其中包括:政治上，個(gè)人崇拜再度泛濫，嚴(yán)重的老人政治使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層毫無活力，特權(quán)階層日益坐大，，黨群關(guān)系愈益分離；經(jīng)濟(jì)上，經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)失衡難以調(diào)整，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?jié)摿ο拇M，國家綜合實(shí)力增長緩慢，與世界一流國家的差距日益拉大；思想上，舊思想、舊觀念居于全面統(tǒng)治地位，理論創(chuàng)新舉步維艱，社會(huì)發(fā)展缺乏思想動(dòng)力支持。一言以蔽之，勃列日涅夫時(shí)期斯大林體制的重新恢復(fù)并加強(qiáng)，使蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)危機(jī)重重，并難以自拔。 第六章，分析了勃列日涅夫時(shí)期重新斯大林化的原因。勃列日涅夫時(shí)期斯大林體制的重新恢復(fù)并加強(qiáng)是由多種因素造成的。這其中既有斯大林體制的根深蒂固性等客觀原因，也有勃列日涅夫自身保守、不思進(jìn)取的主觀原因。人治大于法治，國家社會(huì)決策不是依賴于制度安排，而是取決于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人個(gè)人好惡則是根本原因。
[Abstract]:In October 1964, the central government of the Soviet Communist Party forced Khrushchev to resign by "violating the collective leadership principle of Lenin doctrine" and "inability to correct the mistakes", and elected Brezhnev to serve as the first Secretary of the Central Soviet Communist Party. After Brezhnev came to power, he placed two roads in front of him, and continued to deepen the reform or weight of Khrushchev. The new back to the Stalin system. In Brezhnev's side of reform and conservative forces, they all tried to influence Brezhnev and make a policy choice in favor of himself. Eventually, Brezhnev went on the path of re Stalin. Under the auspices of Brezhnev, the Stalin system was restored and strengthened again.
During the 18 years of Brezhnev's administration in the Soviet Union, the "developed socialism" theory commanded everything, and "reform" became a sensitive word. Although the deep contradictions that impeded the social development had been revealed, everything was concealed under the shelter of "stability" and "perfection". The serious inaction and "stop" in the period of the Brezhnev period were "stopped". "Stagnation" is an important issue for the reform of the Gorbachev period. Through the study of the re Stalin of the Soviet Union in the period of Brezhnev, the profound cause of the disintegration of the Soviet Union has also been a important topic for the study of the problem of socialist construction in the Soviet Union. And collating and analyzing works, studying the methods, process, reasons and lessons of Brezhnev's resumption of Stalin's system.
The full text is composed of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. The text contains six chapters.
The first chapter briefly reviews the reform of the Khrushchev period. After Stalin's death, the reform was not a single opinion of Khrushchev, but the consensus of the entire leadership group, including Khrushchev, beriah and others. The "thawing" of Khrushchev made the repressed Soviet Union breathe fresh air. Khrushchev's reform. It has a certain impact on the Stalin system, but in the end it has not been isolated from the Stalin system. This is also a reason for the failure of Khrushchev's reform.
The second chapter analyzes the process of re Stalin during the Brezhnev period, which includes the stop of the counter work, the revive of the reputation of Stalin, the strengthening of ideological work, the strict control of the publication of various new ideas, the theory of developed socialism, the discussion of the reform of the reform theory, the suppression of the reform of the Eastern European countries and the prevention of the reform. The spirit of the leather spread.
The third chapter summarizes the concrete measures to strengthen the Stalin system during the Brezhnev period, including strengthening the control of the ideological and cultural fields, pressing the dissidents of dissidents, stopping the process of political democratization, reimplementing the tenure of the tenure of the cadre's tenure, terminating the reform of the new economic system, and intensification of department management and centralization again.
The fourth chapter analyzes the characteristics of Brezhnev's reStalin. The restoration and strengthening of Stalin system during the Brezhnev period is a kind of stealthily and gradually returning to Stalin, not completely restored to Stalin. The process of strengthening the Stalin system did not use bloodbath.
The fifth chapter sums up the serious consequences of the revive of the Stalin system during the Brezhnev period, which include: political, personal worship once again overflowing, serious old people's politics making the leadership undynamic, the privileged class growing more and more, the relationship between the party and the masses is increasingly separated; the economic structure is unreadjusting and economic development potential in the economy. It is depleted, the national comprehensive strength is growing slowly, the gap with the world's first-class countries is widening; the ideology, the old ideas, the old ideas are in the overall dominance, the theoretical innovation is difficult and the social development is lacking in the ideological and dynamic support. In a word, Brezhnev's S Stalin system restores and strengthens the Soviet society. The crisis is heavy and difficult to extricate itself.
The sixth chapter analyzes the reasons for the re Stalin period in the period of Brezhnev. The restoration and strengthening of Stalin system during the Brezhnev period was caused by a variety of factors. Among them, there were both objective reasons, such as the deep pedicle of Stalin system, and the subjective reasons of Brezhnev self preservation. The rule of man was greater than the law. Governance, state social decisions do not depend on institutional arrangements, but on the leaders' personal likes and dislikes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D751.2;K512.5

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