本文選題：雅克·內(nèi)克爾 + 舊制度末年　； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：雅克·內(nèi)克爾，一位備受爭(zhēng)議的舊制度末年財(cái)政改革大臣，他在1777年至1781年間，被任命為路易十六的財(cái)政總監(jiān)，肩負(fù)為君主籌集錢財(cái)支援美國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的重任。然而，舊制度末年的法國(guó)一直“重癥纏身”，嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政危機(jī)一直是法國(guó)數(shù)位君主的心頭夢(mèng)魘，內(nèi)克爾在執(zhí)掌法國(guó)財(cái)政期間，除了為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)籌款，他在革除財(cái)政上的沉疴弊病上也付出了大量精力。然而，內(nèi)克爾并不是勇舉財(cái)政改革大旗的第一人，如同他的前任一樣，他的改革努力最終付諸東流。本文旨在通過(guò)分析雅克·內(nèi)克爾財(cái)政改革的背景、理念以及改革具體的內(nèi)容，結(jié)合舊制度末年法國(guó)社會(huì)政治背景，來(lái)探討在舊制度末年財(cái)政改革的艱難，失敗的財(cái)政改革加重了本已岌岌可危的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)，直接導(dǎo)致了1789年風(fēng)暴的來(lái)臨，給危如累卵的舊制度最沉重的一擊！此外，無(wú)論是在舊制度末年還是在近現(xiàn)代史學(xué)界，內(nèi)克爾由于財(cái)政改革的失敗，，他個(gè)人一直倍受非議與否定，在這篇文章中，筆者也意圖通過(guò)對(duì)內(nèi)克爾個(gè)人執(zhí)政史的論述，來(lái)為內(nèi)克爾“正名”。本篇文章共分為三個(gè)大的章節(jié)，第一章節(jié)為背景介紹，著重描述了舊制度末年法國(guó)社會(huì)以及政府出現(xiàn)的衰竭；第二章節(jié)即本文的重點(diǎn)章節(jié)，主要描述內(nèi)克爾財(cái)政改革的背景、理念、內(nèi)容以及改革的失敗與思考；第三章節(jié)為本文的結(jié)論章節(jié)，為本文的兩個(gè)寫作目的作總結(jié)，即為雅克·內(nèi)克爾正名以及探索體制矛盾與改革的重要關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Jacques Necker, the chancellor of fiscal reform at the end of the controversial old system, was appointed finance director of Louis XVI between 1777 and 1781, charged with raising money for the monarch to support the American war. However, in the late years of the old system, France had been "in serious trouble," and the severe financial crisis had been a nightmare for several French monarchs, and Necker had been in charge of France's finances, except to raise money for the war. He also put a lot of effort into getting rid of his financial ills. However, Necker was not the first man to raise the banner of fiscal reform, as his predecessor did, and his reform efforts ended up in vain. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the background, idea and concrete contents of Jacques Necker's fiscal reform, and to discuss the difficulties of the fiscal reform in the late years of the old system, combining with the social and political background of France at the end of the old system. The failed fiscal reforms added to the already precarious financial burden, leading directly to the storm of 1789, the heaviest blow to the perilous old system! In addition, whether in the late years of the old system or in the field of modern history, Necker has been criticized and denied because of the failure of the financial reform. In this article, the author also intends to discuss Necker's personal ruling history. To correct Necker's name. This article is divided into three chapters, the first chapter is the background introduction, which focuses on describing the French society and the failure of the government at the end of the old system, the second chapter is the key chapter of this article, which mainly describes the background of Necker's fiscal reform. The third chapter is the conclusion chapter, which summarizes the two writing purposes of this paper, namely, Jacques Necker's correct name and explores the important relationship between the system contradiction and the reform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K565.3;F815.65

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本文編號(hào)：1935930