發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-17 08:51

  本文選題：古羅馬 + 加圖�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：古羅馬依靠戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)獲得了廣袤的疆域,但是疆域的穩(wěn)定需要依靠農(nóng)業(yè),農(nóng)業(yè)是其立足之本,因此古羅馬大量使用奴隸來發(fā)展自己的農(nóng)業(yè),農(nóng)業(yè)奴隸的普遍應(yīng)用也對(duì)奴隸制社會(huì)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。古羅馬奴隸制度的產(chǎn)生有其歷史必然性,從最初鮮少使用奴隸到后來奴隸人口數(shù)量劇增,經(jīng)過了一個(gè)逐漸發(fā)展的歷程。古羅馬從公元前3世紀(jì)開始使用奴隸,這些奴隸主要從事家內(nèi)勞動(dòng)或者手工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、商業(yè)勞動(dòng)。奴隸的來源也比較廣泛,包括戰(zhàn)俘、債務(wù)奴役、海盜劫掠、家生奴隸等。公元前2世紀(jì)到公元2世紀(jì)奴隸的利用發(fā)展到一個(gè)高峰期,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中奴隸的使用尤為典型。奴隸主通過購(gòu)買、兼并或者繼承等方式獲得地產(chǎn),于是大規(guī)模的葡萄種植園,橄欖種植園等產(chǎn)生,他們主要依靠的就是奴隸的勞動(dòng)。留存至今的三部古代羅馬農(nóng)業(yè)著作(加圖的《農(nóng)業(yè)志》、瓦羅的《論農(nóng)業(yè)》和科路美拉的《農(nóng)業(yè)志》)中均對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)羅馬社會(huì)中的農(nóng)業(yè)奴隸多有提及。本文試圖基于這三部農(nóng)業(yè)著作來研究古羅馬農(nóng)業(yè)奴隸制度。本文由引言、正文和結(jié)語(yǔ)組成,引言主要簡(jiǎn)單介紹農(nóng)業(yè)奴隸的界定和學(xué)者們的觀點(diǎn)以及國(guó)內(nèi)外涉及農(nóng)業(yè)奴隸的研究現(xiàn)狀,正文分為四部分:第一部分,首先介紹了公元前2世紀(jì)羅馬的中型莊園經(jīng)濟(jì),然后主要以加圖的《農(nóng)業(yè)志》為依據(jù),分析此時(shí)奴隸主要的來源、奴隸的管理和奴隸的境遇。第二部分,首先介紹公元前1世紀(jì)的拉蒂芬丁,它是羅馬土地集中的產(chǎn)物,然后主要以瓦羅的《論農(nóng)業(yè)》為依據(jù),分析此時(shí)奴隸主要的來源、奴隸的管理和奴隸的境遇。第三部分,首先介紹奴隸制的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和隸農(nóng)制的出現(xiàn),然后主要以科路美拉的《農(nóng)業(yè)志》為依據(jù),分析此時(shí)奴隸主要的來源、奴隸的管理和奴隸的境遇。第四部分,比較公元前2世紀(jì)到公元1世紀(jì)奴隸的使用,分別就其共同點(diǎn)與不同點(diǎn)分析奴隸地位變化反映出的社會(huì)狀況。結(jié)語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單闡述奴隸制度的影響。
[Abstract]:Ancient Rome gained vast territory by war, but the stability of its territory depended on agriculture, which was the root of its existence. Therefore, ancient Rome used slaves to develop its own agriculture. The widespread application of agricultural slaves also had a great impact on the development of slavery society. The emergence of slavery in ancient Rome had its historical inevitability, from rarely using slaves at first to increasing the number of slaves, it went through a process of gradual development. Ancient Rome began to use slaves in the third century B.C., mainly engaged in domestic labor or handicraft, agriculture, and commercial labor. Slaves also come from a wide range of sources, including prisoners of war, debt bondage, pirate looting, family slaves, and so on. The use of slaves from the second century BC to the second century AD reached a peak, especially in agricultural production. Slave owners acquired real estate by buying, annexing, or inheriting, so large-scale grape plantations, olive plantations, and so on, relied mainly on slave labor. The three ancient Roman agricultural works (Cartoon's Agricultural Records, Valo's on Agriculture) and Colomera's Agricultural Records all mention agricultural slaves in Roman society. Based on these three agricultural works, this paper attempts to study agricultural slavery in ancient Rome. This paper is composed of introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the definition of agricultural slaves and the viewpoints of scholars and the research status of agricultural slaves at home and abroad. The text is divided into four parts: the first part, This paper first introduces the medium-sized manor economy of Rome in the 2nd century B.C., and then analyzes the main sources of slaves, the management of slaves and the situation of slaves on the basis of Chatu's Chronicles of Agriculture. The second part first introduces Latiphentine in the first century B.C., which is the product of Roman land concentration, and then analyzes the main source of slaves, the management of slaves and the situation of slaves on the basis of Varo's "on Agriculture". The third part first introduces the development of slavery and the emergence of the system of scribes, and then analyzes the main sources of slaves, the management of slaves and the situation of slaves on the basis of Colomera's Records of Agriculture. The fourth part compares the use of slaves from the second century BC to the first century AD and analyzes the social conditions reflected by the changes in the status of slaves according to their common points and differences. The conclusion briefly expounds the influence of slavery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K126

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本文編號(hào)：1900740