本文選題：搖擺性外交 + 朝貢制度��； 參考：《暨南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：16世紀(jì)中葉以后,東北亞地區(qū)的國(guó)際秩序發(fā)生了復(fù)雜變化。作為華夷秩序的中心,明王朝已處于其封建統(tǒng)治的衰退期,對(duì)周邊小國(guó)的影響力大不如前;朝鮮王朝則醉心于內(nèi)部權(quán)術(shù)之爭(zhēng),國(guó)防極為松懈。對(duì)比之下,日本則在織豐政權(quán)的統(tǒng)一征伐中,逐漸達(dá)到了其歷史上國(guó)家統(tǒng)治力的頂峰,一度夢(mèng)想著統(tǒng)治中國(guó),企圖改變既定存在的東北亞政治格局。1587年豐臣秀吉遣使出訪(fǎng)朝鮮,打破了朝鮮王朝承平已久的局面。面對(duì)已脫離華夷秩序的日本,朝鮮王朝既不想有失“文明上國(guó)”的身份,又不想正面沖撞日本,為了尋求自身利益的最大化,朝鮮王朝試圖通過(guò)努力將日本納入以自身為中心的小型華夷秩序,開(kāi)始恢復(fù)了與日本的官方往來(lái)。壬辰倭亂爆發(fā)前的這幾年內(nèi),作為明朝的親密屬?lài)?guó),朝鮮王朝一面一如既往地進(jìn)行著對(duì)明朝的朝賀進(jìn)獻(xiàn),另一面卻背著明朝極力經(jīng)營(yíng)著與日本的交往,這一對(duì)外交往策略表現(xiàn)出其極為復(fù)雜的矛盾性。而且受?chē)?guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)的影響,朝鮮王朝對(duì)明、日的交往政策并非一成不變,還表現(xiàn)出了持續(xù)不斷的變化性�？v觀(guān)壬辰倭亂爆發(fā)前朝(朝鮮王朝)、日、明三國(guó)往來(lái)的史實(shí)記載,朝鮮王朝對(duì)明、日交往政策的矛盾性、變化性,即其“搖擺性”主要表現(xiàn)為:朝鮮王朝對(duì)明朝的事大行為經(jīng)歷了由“事大至誠(chéng)”到“不誠(chéng)”再到“至誠(chéng)”的變化;對(duì)日本的交往行為經(jīng)歷了從“藐視疏遠(yuǎn)”到“與日交通”再到“與日決裂”的變化。朝鮮王朝遵從國(guó)家利益和國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)的變化,期間一度摒棄了朝貢制度下“人臣無(wú)外交”的義理,給明鮮朝貢關(guān)系乃至整個(gè)東北亞地區(qū)的安全穩(wěn)定帶來(lái)不可估量的嚴(yán)重后果。其不僅造成了明鮮兩國(guó)嚴(yán)重的信任危機(jī),還加速了壬辰倭亂的爆發(fā)。因而筆者認(rèn)為,本文不僅有助于重新審視東北亞視野下的明、日、朝三國(guó)關(guān)系,拓展東北亞華夷秩序擴(kuò)大化的研究,還將從原因孔道深化壬辰倭亂的研究。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the 16 th century, the international order in Northeast Asia has undergone complex changes. As the center of the Huayi order, the Ming Dynasty was in the decline of its feudal rule, and its influence on the neighboring small countries was not as great as before, while the Korean dynasty was obsessed with the internal power struggle, and its national defense was extremely lax. In contrast, Japan gradually reached the pinnacle of national domination in its history during the unification of the Zhoufeng regime, and once dreamed of ruling China in an attempt to change the established political pattern of Northeast Asia. It has broken the situation that the Korean dynasty has been in power for a long time. In the face of Japan, which is out of the order of China, the Korean dynasty did not want to lose its status as a "civilized country" or to collide with Japan head-on, in order to maximize its own interests. The Korean dynasty began to restore official ties with Japan by trying to bring Japan into a small, self-centered order. In the past few years before the outbreak of the Japanese chaos, as a close dependency of the Ming Dynasty, the Korean dynasty, on the one hand, served as usual in congratulating the Ming Dynasty, while on the other side it tried to manage its contacts with Japan behind the back of the Ming Dynasty. This foreign communication strategy shows its extremely complex contradiction. Moreover, influenced by the international and domestic situation, the Korean Dynasty's exchange policy toward Ming and Japan was not static, but also showed continuous change. Looking at the historical facts of the Korean Dynasty, Japan, and the three Kingdoms of the Ming Dynasty, the conflict and variation of the Korean Dynasty's policy toward the exchange of Ming and Japan were reviewed. That is, its "swing" is mainly manifested as: the Korean dynasty's great behavior towards the Ming Dynasty has experienced the change from "great sincerity" to "insincerity" to "sincerity"; The communication behavior toward Japan has changed from "despising alienation" to "traffic with Japan" to "breaking with Japan". The Korean dynasty obeyed the national interests and the changes of the situation at home and abroad. During the period, it abandoned the justice of "no diplomacy" under the tributary system, which brought incalculable serious consequences to the relationship between Ming and Xiangong and even to the security and stability of the whole Northeast Asia. It not only caused a serious crisis of trust between the two countries, but also accelerated the outbreak of chaos. Therefore, the author believes that this paper is not only helpful to re-examine the relationship between Ming, Japan and Korea in Northeast Asia, expand the study of the expansion of the order of China and Yi in Northeast Asia, but also deepen the study of the chaos of Japan and Japan from the perspective of Confucius.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K303

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