本文選題：德國大學(xué) + 納粹黨��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 德國大學(xué)與納粹政權(quán)的關(guān)系在目前的學(xué)術(shù)界并未得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注,本文利用已掌握的資料試圖對兩者之間的關(guān)系做一系統(tǒng)闡釋。 本文圍繞兩者之間的關(guān)系,通過緒論、正文和結(jié)語三個部分構(gòu)成一個有機整體。在緒論中,筆者簡單論述了研究德國大學(xué)與納粹政權(quán)關(guān)系的重要意義,提出了問題,并介紹了國內(nèi)外相關(guān)的研究狀況,為全文的寫作奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 正文分為三章。第一章主要講了納粹運動初創(chuàng)和發(fā)展時期同德國大學(xué)的關(guān)系。筆者認為,1929年的經(jīng)濟危機是大學(xué)與納粹黨關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)折點,由于兩者在對魏瑪共和國的態(tài)度、對領(lǐng)袖人物的崇拜和反猶等方面存在著契合點,再加上20年代德國理性主義的降溫和虛無主義思潮的大肆泛濫,使得兩者之間的聯(lián)系進一步加深。最終,它與其它社會階層一道把希特勒推上了德國總理的寶座。 第二章主要敘述納粹黨統(tǒng)治時期同大學(xué)的關(guān)系。納粹黨上臺后,根據(jù)領(lǐng)袖原則對大學(xué)進行了一系列的改造,并且建立納粹大學(xué)教師聯(lián)盟和納粹大學(xué)生聯(lián)盟對大學(xué)加以控制。出于反猶主義的考慮,納粹黨對德國大學(xué)里的猶太教師和學(xué)生進行了大規(guī)模的清洗。作為大學(xué)主體的教師和學(xué)生對大學(xué)發(fā)生的種種變化,表現(xiàn)不一,有的采取了順從的態(tài)度,更多的是保持了沉默。盡管在二戰(zhàn)期間出現(xiàn)了類似“白玫瑰運動”這樣的抵抗組織,但是并未對納粹黨的統(tǒng)治帶來太大的威脅,反而被納粹黨所利用,從而用更為嚴厲的手段來控制國民。 第三章分析了德國大學(xué)傳統(tǒng)在納粹統(tǒng)治時期的斷裂。在納粹黨的控制下,大學(xué)的理念、課程設(shè)置和功能都發(fā)生了變化,種族主義教育和體育鍛煉變得更為重要。德國大學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)在納粹統(tǒng)治時期出現(xiàn)了斷裂。為了適應(yīng)戰(zhàn)爭形勢的發(fā)展,大學(xué)也發(fā)生了一些變化,大學(xué)也成為納粹黨控制知識分子的一個工具。 結(jié)語指出,在德國大學(xué)的歷史上,納粹統(tǒng)治期間是大學(xué)的一個脫節(jié)、一個斷裂,造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因是從柏林大學(xué)建立以后大學(xué)里普遍存在的古典大學(xué)觀念的影響、理性原則的喪失以及一直困擾它發(fā)展的精神和物質(zhì)(Geist und Macht)的關(guān)系這一中心問題的懸而未決,再加上大學(xué)里存在的強烈的民族主義情緒和納粹黨巧妙的宣傳攻勢,這一切使得納粹統(tǒng)治時期大學(xué)的斷裂不僅僅是一種偶然。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the German universities and the Nazi regime has not received due attention in the academic circles at present. This paper tries to make a systematic explanation of the relationship between the two by using the available data. This paper focuses on the relationship between the two, through the introduction, the text and the conclusion of the three parts constitute an organic whole. In the introduction, the author briefly discusses the significance of studying the relationship between German universities and the Nazi regime, raises questions, and introduces the relevant research situation at home and abroad, which lays a foundation for the writing of the full text. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly talks about the relationship between the Nazi movement and the German universities during the period of the beginning and development of the Nazi movement. The author believes that the economic crisis of 1929 was a turning point in the relationship between universities and the Nazi Party. Because of their attitude towards the Weimar Republic, the worship of leaders and anti-Semitism, etc. In addition, the cooling of German rationalism in the 1920s and the rampant trend of nihilism made the connection between them deepen. In the end, it joined the rest of society in pushing Hitler to the throne of German chancellor. The second chapter mainly narrates the relationship between the Nazi Party and the university. After the Nazi Party came to power, it carried out a series of reforms according to the principle of leadership, and established the Union of Nazi University Teachers and the Union of Nazi College students to control the university. For anti-Semitism, the Nazi Party carried out a mass purge of Jewish teachers and students in German universities. Teachers and students as the main part of the university behave differently to the changes that have taken place in the university, some of them adopt a submissive attitude, and more often they remain silent. Although resistance such as the White Rose Movement emerged during World War II, it did not pose too much of a threat to Nazi rule, but was used by the Nazis to control their citizens more harshly. The third chapter analyzes the break of German university tradition during the Nazi rule. Under the control of the Nazis, the ideas, curricula and functions of universities have changed, and racist education and physical exercise have become more important. The tradition of German universities broke down during Nazi rule. In order to adapt to the development of the war, some changes have taken place in universities, and universities have become a tool for the Nazis to control intellectuals. The conclusion points out that in the history of German universities, the period of Nazi rule was a disconnect and a rupture of universities, and the reason for this phenomenon was the influence of the ideas of classical universities that existed widely in the universities since the establishment of Berlin University. The loss of the principle of reason and the unresolved central issue of the relationship between the spiritual and material und that has plagued its development, coupled with the strong nationalist sentiment that exists in universities and the ingenious propaganda campaign of the Nazi Party, All this made the rupture of the Nazi-era university more than just an accident.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K516.44

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 孫華;;大學(xué)理念:組織的內(nèi)心獨白抑或社會的欲望投射[J];教育學(xué)術(shù)月刊;2011年08期

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本文編號：1877201