本文選題：越戰(zhàn) + 越戰(zhàn)退伍軍人　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：盡管越南戰(zhàn)爭已經(jīng)成為歷史，但它在美國歷史中的地位是非常重要的。這場戰(zhàn)爭沒有勝利，作為這場戰(zhàn)爭的直接參與者——越戰(zhàn)退伍軍人，他們在戰(zhàn)前，受愛國主義的影響參戰(zhàn)，在越南，隨著時間的推移，官兵們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己原本在國內(nèi)所接受的思想價值觀與當(dāng)?shù)氐膶?shí)際情況不符，思想認(rèn)識上產(chǎn)生了迷茫。同時，美國軍方為了保證駐越美軍擁有充足的兵源和強(qiáng)大的戰(zhàn)斗力，實(shí)行“輪作制”，即一名士兵在越南呆滿一年就可以退役或調(diào)往非戰(zhàn)斗地區(qū)服役，然而這樣不利于軍隊(duì)凝聚力加強(qiáng)和士兵之間建立友誼，這樣參加越戰(zhàn)的美國軍人失去了一個重要的情感調(diào)節(jié)方式，苦悶之余，他們只能夠?qū)で笞晕艺{(diào)適——對戰(zhàn)斗任務(wù)消極回避、喝酒、吸毒等。 當(dāng)越戰(zhàn)美軍軍人退伍后回到國內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)，國內(nèi)同他們?nèi)ピ侥蠒r相比發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化：隨著美國深陷越戰(zhàn)泥潭，國內(nèi)反戰(zhàn)運(yùn)動日益高漲，，民眾對越戰(zhàn)不滿的呼聲也越來越高。同時，20世紀(jì)60年代是美國“戰(zhàn)后一代”年輕人的叛逆時期，很多傳統(tǒng)的社會價值觀被顛覆，參軍打仗不再被青年人看作光榮和愛國。 當(dāng)年意氣風(fēng)發(fā)的青年滿懷著愛國理想去越南作戰(zhàn)，把時間和青春放在了異國他鄉(xiāng)，他們退伍回國后還沒有來得及慶幸自己活著，就發(fā)現(xiàn)原來的朋友、同學(xué)已經(jīng)找到了舒適的工作和幸福的家庭，而這些人當(dāng)中還有一部分曾因?yàn)樘颖苋ピ侥隙簧頌檐娙说乃麄兛床黄�。如此巨大的反差令退伍軍人們一時間無法接受，再加上以前戰(zhàn)場上的經(jīng)歷和錯誤的自我調(diào)適方法，導(dǎo)致他們的心理疾病加重，進(jìn)而影響到他們重返社會后的心態(tài)。 通過對越戰(zhàn)退伍軍人前后心態(tài)變化的研究，不僅可以了解這個特殊的群體，還可以從他們的心態(tài)變化上判斷美國公眾對越戰(zhàn)態(tài)度變化的原因。
[Abstract]:Although the Vietnam War has become a history, its place in American history is very important. There was no victory in this war, and as a direct participant in the war, the Vietnam war veterans, they fought before the war, under the influence of patriotism, and in Vietnam, over time, The officers and men found that the values they had originally accepted at home did not correspond to the actual situation in the country, resulting in confusion in their understanding. At the same time, in order to ensure that the US military in Vietnam has an adequate supply of troops and strong combat effectiveness, the US military has implemented a "rotation system", that is, a soldier who has spent one year in Vietnam can retire from service or be transferred to a non-combat area. However, this is not conducive to strengthening the cohesion of the army and building friendship between the soldiers. Thus, the American soldiers who participated in the Vietnam War lost an important way of adjusting their feelings. They can only seek self-adaptation-negative avoidance of combat tasks, drinking, drug use, etc. When the US soldiers returned home from the Vietnam War, they found that there had been a tremendous change compared to the time they went to Vietnam: as the United States sank into the mire of the Vietnam War, the domestic anti-war movement was rising, and the public's dissatisfaction with the Vietnam War was growing. At the same time, the 1960s was a rebellious period for the "postwar generation" of young people in the United States. Many traditional social values were subverted, and joining the army and fighting was no longer regarded as glorious and patriotic by young people. At that time, the exuberant young people, full of patriotic ideals, went to Vietnam to fight. They put their time and youth in a foreign country. They had not had time to be glad that they were alive after they had returned to the country. They found their original friends. Students have found comfortable jobs and happy families, some of whom have been looked down upon as soldiers for running away from Vietnam. Such a huge contrast makes it unacceptable for veterans for a while, coupled with previous battlefield experiences and false self-adjustment methods, which exacerbate their mental illness and affect their mentality when they reintegrate into society. Through the study of the psychological changes before and after Vietnam War Veterans, we can not only understand this special group, but also judge the reasons for the change of American public attitude towards Vietnam War from their psychological changes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：E712;K712.54

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